Microalbuminuria Is Associated with Lower Weight and Taller Height in Adolescence

Abstract

Microalbuminuria (MA) is a well-known predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults. However, these relationships remain unclear in adolescents. A few studies on association between MA and obesity have been conducted in adolescents. However, the association between MA and growth parameters such as height has not been studied, despite the fact that adolescence is a period of rapid physiological change. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the association between MA and growth parameters, and the association between MA and obesity related cardiovascular risk factors after adjusting for growth. The study included 1,459 adolescents (847 boys and 612 girls) aged 12-18 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2013). A urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) of 30-299 mg/g in a morning urine sample was considered to reflect MA. MA was detected in 53 (3.6%) including 24 girls. Height z-score of adolescents with MA was greater than that of normoalbuminuric adolescents (0.87 vs. 0.38; P < 0.01). Upon multiple regression analysis, UACR was associated with lower weight z-score (β = –0.100, P < 0.01) and higher height z-score (β = 0.069, P < 0.01). In term of cardiovascular risk factors, the UACR was not associated with fasting glucose, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglyceride levels. Adolescents with MA tend to be thin and tall. MA is not a useful screening method for obesity-related cardiovascular risk in adolescents, but instead MA is associated with taller height and lower weight, growth-related parameters in adolescence.