Estimation of Urinary 24-hr Creatinine Excretion by Body Size and Dietary Protein Level: A Field Survey Based on Seasonally Repeated Measurements for Residents Living in Akita, Japan

MASAKI MORIYAMA; HIROSHI SAITO; ATSUHIRO NAKANO; SHOETSU FUNAKI; SABURO KOJIMA

doi:10.1620/tjem.156.55

MASAKI MORIYAMA, HIROSHI SAITO, ATSUHIRO NAKANO, SHOETSU FUNAKI, SABURO KOJIMA

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Keywords: creatinine, urea-N, dietary protein level, seasonal variability

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1988 Volume 156 Issue 1 Pages 55-63

DOI https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.156.55

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Published: 1988 Received: June 27, 1988 Available on J-STAGE: August 31, 2006 Accepted: August 18, 1988 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : MORIYAMA, M., SAITO, H., NAKANO, A., FUNAKI, S. and KOJIMA, S. Estimation of Urinary 24-hr Creatinine Excretion by Body Size and Dietary Protein Level: A Field Survey Based on Seasonally Repeated Measurements for Residents Living in Akita, Japan. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1988, 156 (1), 55-63-We aimed to investigate the modifying effect of dietary protein level on the estimation of 24-hr creatinine excretion using anthropometric measurements, in a group of 40 healthy Japanese adults, during usual daily life. To evaluate the variability of each measurement during non-restrictive life, we assayed 24-hr urinary excretions of creatinine and urea-N and measured heights and weights once in every three months in a total of 4 times during a year. Urinary urea-N was used as a marker of dietary protein level. Seasonal variability of anthropometrics and urinary excretions was observed on the individual basis. In comparison to the rather small individual variability of weight (mean of CV=1.2 for males, 1.7 for females), variability of urinary creatinine (CV=11.7, 8.4) and urea-N (CV=18.9, 17.3) took larger values. The creatinine excretion was estimated by the following two sets of predictor variables; (I) age, height and weight, (II) age, height, weight and urea-N. Although, a statistically significant estimation was obtained by (I), estimation (II) resulted higher regression coefficient than (I), and contribution of urea-N to the estimation of creatinine was shown. Average level of seasonal variability of each predictor variable was further applied to the regression equation (II). Therefore, the possible difference of 24-hr creatinine excretion caused by the seasonal variability of dietary protein level was estimated to be 9.2% for males and 3.6% for females in the given population. Thus, when one predicting formula of 24-hr creatinine by the use of anthropometrics is applied to other populations, the difference of protein nutritional status should be carefully considered.
Right : We aimed to investigate the modifying effect of dietary protein level on the estimation of 24-hr creatinine excretion using anthropometric measurements, in a group of 40 healthy Japanese adults, during usual daily life. To evaluate the variability of each measurement during non-restrictive life, we assayed 24-hr urinary excretions of creatinine and urea-N and measured heights and weights once in every three months in a total of 4 times during a year. Urinary urea-N was used as a marker of dietary protein level. Seasonal variability of anthropometrics and urinary excretions was observed on the individual basis. In comparison to the rather small individual variability of weight (mean of CV=1.2 for males, 1.7 for females), variability of urinary creatinine (CV=11.7, 8.4) and urea-N (CV=18.9, 17.3) took larger values. The creatinine excretion was estimated by the following two sets of predictor variables; (I) age, height and weight, (II) age, height, weight and urea-N. Although, a statistically significant estimation was obtained by (I), estimation (II) resulted higher regression coefficient than (I), and contribution of urea-N to the estimation of creatinine was shown. Average level of seasonal variability of each predictor variable was further applied to the regression equation (II). Therefore, the possible difference of 24-hr creatinine excretion caused by the seasonal variability of dietary protein level was estimated to be 9.2% for males and 3.6% for females in the given population. Thus, when one predicting formula of 24-hr creatinine by the use of anthropometrics is applied to other populations, the difference of protein nutritional status should be carefully considered.

Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1) Bleiler, R. & Schedl, H. (1962) Creatinine excretion: Variability and relationship to diet and body size. J. Lab. clin. Med., 59, 945-955.
2) Bonsnes, R.W. & Taussky, H.H. (1945) On the colorimetric determination of creatinine by the Jaffe reaction. J. biol. Chem., 158, 581-591.
3) Coulombe, J.J. & Favreau, L. (1963) A new simple semi-micromethod for colorimetric determination of urea. Clin. Chem., 9, 102-108.
4) Heymsfield, S.B., Argeaga, C., McManus, C., Smith, J. & Moffitt, S. (1983) Measurement of muscle mass in humans: Validity of the 24-hour urinary creatinine method. Amer. J. clin. Nutr., 37, 478-494.
5) Hodgkinson, A. & Thompson, T. (1982) Measurement of the fasting urinary hydroxyproline: Creatinine ratio in normal adults and its variation with age and sex. J. clin. Path., 35, 807-811.
6) Hojo, Y. (1982) Single-void urine selenium level expressed in terms of creatinine content as an effective and convenient indicator of human selenium status. Bull. environm. Contam. Toxicol., 29, 37-42.
7) Kawasaki, T., Uezuno, K., Kikkawa, K., Utsunomiya, H. & Imamura, K. (1985) Studies of urinary creatinine excretion in clinically healthy subjects. J. Hlth Sci. Kyushu Univ., 7, 35-42. (in Japanese with English abstract)
8) Moriyama, M., Saito, H. & Kabuto, M. (1987) Relationship between twenty-four hour urinary creatinine excretion and weight, or weight and height of Japanese children. J. nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 33, 185-193.
9) Suzuki, T., Inaoka, T. & Kawabe, T. (1984) Creatinine height index in a sample of Japanese adults under sedentary activities. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 30, 467-473.
10) Tomita, Y. (1961) A study on the influence of the dietary protein level upon the urinary creatinine excretion. Eiyo to Shokuryo,14,105-53. (in Japanese with English abstract)
11) United Nations Children's Fund (1987) Availability of food per person. In: The State of the World's Children 1987, Oxford University Press, Oxfordshire, U.K., p. 112.
12) Yoneyama, K. (1984) The day to day variations of urinary hydroxyproline and creatinine excretions, and dietary protein intake. Jap. J. Hygiene, 39, 587-593.
13) Yukawa, K. (1981) Studies on estimation of dietary protein intake from urinary nitrogen ingredients excretion. Jap. J. pub. Health, 28, 13-32. (in Japanese with English abstract)

Right : 1) Bleiler, R. & Schedl, H. (1962) Creatinine excretion: Variability and relationship to diet and body size. J. Lab. clin. Med., 59, 945-955.
2) Bonsnes, R. W. & Taussky, H. H. (1945) On the colorimetric determination of creatinine by the Jaffe reaction. J. biol. Chem., 158, 581-591.
3) Coulombe, J. J. & Favreau, L. (1963) A new simple semi-micromethod for colorimetric determination of urea. Clin. Chem., 9, 102-108.
4) Heymsfield, S. B., Argeaga, C., McManus, C., Smith, J. & Moffitt, S. (1983) Measurement of muscle mass in humans: Validity of the 24-hour urinary creatinine method. Amer. J. clin. Nutr., 37, 478-494.
5) Hodgkinson, A. & Thompson, T. (1982) Measurement of the fasting urinary hydroxyproline : Creatinine ratio in normal adults and its variation with age and sex. J. clin. Path., 35, 807-811.
6) Hojo, Y. (1982) Single-void urine selenium level expressed in terms of creatinine content as an effective and convenient indicator of human selenium status. Bull. environm. Contam. Toxicol., 29, 37-42.
7) Kawasaki, T., Uezuno, K., Kikkawa, K., Utsunomiya, H. & Imamura, K. (1985) Studies of urinary creatinine excretion in clinically healthy subjects. J. Hlth Sci. Kyushu Univ., 7, 35-42. (in Japanese with English abstract)
8) Moriyama, M., Saito, H. & Kabuto, M. (1987) Relationship between twenty-four hour urinary creatinine excretion and weight, or weight and height of Japanese children. J. nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 33, 185-193.
9) Suzuki, T., Inaoka, T. & Kawabe, T. (1984) Creatinine height index in a sample of Japanese adults under sedentary activities. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 30, 467-473.
10) Tomita, Y. (1961) A study on the influence of the dietary protein level upon the urinary creatinine excretion. Eiyo to Shokuryo, 14, 105-53. (in Japanese with English abstract)
11) United Nations Children's Fund (1987) Availability of food per person. In: The State of the World's Children 1987, Oxford University Press, Oxfordshire, U. K., p. 112.
12) Yoneyama, K. (1984) The day to day variations of urinary hydroxyproline and creatinine excretions, and dietary protein intake. Jap. J. Hygiene, 39, 587-593.
13) Yukawa, K. (1981) Studies on estimation of dietary protein intake from urínary nitrogen ingredients excretion. Jap. J. pub. Health, 28, 13-32. (in Japanese with English abstract)

Date of correction: August 31, 2006 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the modifying effect of dietary protein level on the estimation of 24-hr creatinine excretion using anthropometric measurements, in a group of 40 healthy Japanese adults, during usual daily life. To evaluate the variability of each measurement during non-restrictive life, we assayed 24-hr urinary excretions of creatinine and urea-N and measured heights and weights once in every three months in a total of 4 times during a year. Urinary urea-N was used as a marker of dietary protein level. Seasonal variability of anthropometrics and urinary excretions was observed on the individual basis. In comparison to the rather small individual variability of weight (mean of CV=1.2 for males, 1.7 for females), variability of urinary creatinine (CV=11.7, 8.4) and urea-N (CV=18.9, 17.3) took larger values. The creatinine excretion was estimated by the following two sets of predictor variables; (I) age, height and weight, (II) age, height, weight and urea-N. Although, a statistically significant estimation was obtained by (I), estimation (II) resulted higher regression coefficient than (I), and contribution of urea-N to the estimation of creatinine was shown. Average level of seasonal variability of each predictor variable was further applied to the regression equation (II). Therefore, the possible difference of 24-hr creatinine excretion caused by the seasonal variability of dietary protein level was estimated to be 9.2% for males and 3.6% for females in the given population. Thus, when one predicting formula of 24-hr creatinine by the use of anthropometrics is applied to other populations, the difference of protein nutritional status should be carefully considered.

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