独占資本主義形成期アメリカにおける造船業

抄録

In the latter half of the 19th century, the American economy developed rapidly through the concentration of capital, resulting in the establishment of monopoly capitalism at the turn of the century. U. S. industry rose to the top of the world in productivity, and monopoly capital formed was remarkably enormous. Despite the country's overall industrial growth, the iron and steel shipbuilding industry did not develop in the U. S. at the same rate as other heavy industries. Moreover the shipbuilding industry stagnated, despite the fact that the formation of monopoly capital stimulated, among many businessmen, an interest in foreign markets. This paper deals with governmental policies-on the shipbuilding industry, which reflected structural change in economic interests and affected the development of the industry during the latter half of the 19th century. After making a brief summary of the iron and steel shipbuilding industry from the 1840's to the end of the 19th century, the paper examines the causes of the industry's lagging growth, focusing; on three major political issues. (1)Mail subsidy policies. (2)Tariffs imported materials. (3)The registry law and free ship questions. The conclusions reached are as follows. First, the interests of the iron and steel industry restricted the development of shipbuilding, as indicated by tariff and dumping issues. Secondly, the railroad industry which controlled steamship companies keeped the registry law in order to hinder the introduction of free ships. Finally, the industrial structure of the United States, formed mainly through the interests of the railroad companies and the iron and steel industry, did not allow the full development of shipbuilding industry.