戦時鉱工業動員体制の成立と展開(大会報告・共通論題:第二次大戦期の日本資本主義-戦時経済の歴史的位置)

抄録

The mobilization system during the War consisted of two stages. In the first stage 1937-41 the long-range mobilization system was formed, in later stage 1942-45 nonmilitary section was restrained thoroughly, so mobilization of munitions industry was managed barely but whole ecomomic plan resulted in collapse. The distinctive features of the mobilization system are the market mechanism, the profit incentive, and the competitions in strategic industries, integrated into the system ingeniously from first to last. In the first stage the munitions mobilization plan and the capacity expanding plan ensured the increase of long-range demand and the priority of materials supply. Many low-ranking and newly-estabilished companies invested in plants and equipments positively. But the outbreak of the European War and the International trade restriction made the consistency of the lowprice policy and the overall expansion of companies of the plan difficult. The profit pool system, the more strict priority supply system and the cooperative finance system were introduced into the mobilization system to ensure the long-range price stability and the mobilization. Soon after the outbreak of the Pacific War the production of fundamental materials began to decrease. The increase of the output in shipbuilding and the aircraft indusutry became the critical issue of the mobilization. The Government gave up the consistency of the whole economic plan. The inconsistency of supply and demand plan of all sorts of materials came out. The Center and the Prefectural government mobilized materials, labor, transportation capacity, electric power, fuel, etc. to a small number of specified companies. Thus the huge industries of precision, electlic, transport machine appeared in Japan during the War at the sacrifice of the other industries.