第一次大戦後における職業紹介事業の展開
―都市失業問題の発生と失業対策の出発―
1997 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 17-32
詳細
1997 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 17-32
The purpose of this paper is to show the characters of the unemployment problem in Japanese cities in the period of post WW I, and how this problem was dealt with by the Employment Agency, mainly focusing on the unemployed in the heavy industries.
Unemployment was one of the very serious problems in Japanese cities from post WW I to the Showa Panic, and the government needed the urgent measurements for it. Influenced by the suggestion of ILO, the government and city officers planned to introduce the relief systems of Europe. The government and city officers began the Employment Agency first of all measurements.
Gathering jobs around the whole country, the Employment Agency offered them to the unemployed, frequently thrown out from the heavy industries. But in many cases, they refused the jobs if they could get daily-work in the living area. Because the wage of the daily-work was higher than the part-time work of the factories which was given by the Employment Agency. The labor management in 1920's composed of the full-time workers recruited around the factories location area, and part-time workers from another area. The third section views how important the daily-work was for the unemployed and offering it by the Employment Agency was. The labor unions were against the government, relating to the activity of Employment Agency and the distribution of daily-work.
In short, this paper views the Employment Agency, which started since 1919 under the international labor consensus, filled the important role to calm down the unemploment problem in the second half of the Taisho era.
