インドの辺境工業開発地域における都市開発

－ウッタラカンド州ルドラプルを事例として－

抄録

After the mid 1990s, the Indian economy grew rapidly owing to industrialization. However, most industries are located in certain metropolitan regions. In order to reduce the regional disparity, the Indian government promotes investment in the peripheral areas through a preferential taxation system. Some local governments adopt a progressive approach to attract enterprises. However, basic infrastructure and maintenance are lacking in the peripheral regions. Therefore, industrial development in peripheral regions requires urban infrastructure: roads, sanitary facilities, electricity, water, housing for workers’ families, etc. This paper aims to present a report on the development of the industrial city in India.

Uttarakhand is an underdeveloped state in the north-eastern part of India. Its geography includes a few Himalayan mountains, hills, and a few plains. In an effort to boost its economy, the Uttarakhand government developed the Integrated Industrial Estate (IIE), Rudrapur. The IIE is a large-scale industrial estate comprising many major factories. However, the local government does not have a housing board for workers. Therefore, it depends on private developers for housing provisions. All developers are not local but metropolitan investment from Delhi. Three major housing projects have started in Rudrapur. One of the projects, Metropolis City, includes a range of condominiums, a commercial zone, and a hotel. Green Park, another project, comprises two thousand detached houses, commercial buildings, and a hotel. Lake City, the third project, contains several types of flats and condominiums. All the houses are affordable to the wealthier classes who refuse to live in rural areas. The wealthy communities are comfortable and secure because their residential areas are protected by strong, big gates with several security guards. Most residents are aloof from the local and rural people. Therefore, these are ‘prestigious gated communities’.