Changes in the Forests of Mt. Hiei and Characteristics of Vegetation along the Mountain's kaihogyoja Buddhist Practice Path

Abstract

This study aims to identify changes in the forest vegetation of Mt. Hiei since the Edo period. It investigates current ecological features of the forest structure and identifies species composition with a focus on the forested areas along the Gyoja Path of Enryakuji Temple. In the Edo period, the forests of Mt. Hiei were dominated by P. densiflora. In the current forest structure along the Gyoja Path of Mt. Hiei, forests with C. obtusa as the dominant species were the majority. In the areas where natural forests still exist, and in areas where vegetation recovery is being attempted using deer-proof nets, it is thought that proactive management (such as ensuring sunlight) that encourages the growth of the existing F. crenata and A. firma will lead to ecologically richer forests in the future. In cedar forests where large-diameter C. japonica were present in clusters, the forest floor vegetation was rich, and both cultural and ecological values were confirmed. In planning the future of the forests of Mt. Hiei, it may be essential to think of natural forests and of forests with large diameter trees as the core forests of Mt. Hiei: they play an essential cultural and ecological role on the mountain. With this concept in mind, natural regeneration can be promoted, and the environment within and around the forests can be improved.