抄録
Japan's population is declining and there is already little prospect of recovery. Among countermeasures to tackle with various problems caused by population decline, Municipal Membership Programs (MMPs), in which non-citizens or out-of-municipality residents are treated as " quasi-citizens" and tried to be engaged in local communities in municipalities, has emerged in many municipalities in Japan as unique initiatives. The study first categorizes MMPs that are being promoted by local governments to attract out-of-municipality residents in Japan, from the viewpoint of mitigating and adapting to the population decline. Next, the differences in objectives and contents among these classifications are clarified. The results of the analyses show that municipalities which offer membership programs primarily targeting migration, increasing rapidly in recent years, tend to be engaged in a wider range of activities and to welcome broader groups of people including younger generation than those which do not target migration.
https://ror.org/057zh3y96 
