This study examines how rising housing prices are associated with perceptions of gentrification across three global cities (New York, London, and Tokyo) by linking micro-scale housing transaction data with an original online survey conducted in 2021. Using logistic regression, we assess how current housing prices and ten-year price growth relate to awareness of the rising housing price problem, perceived displacement and neighborhood trust. The results reveal a pronounced East–West divide: while over 70% of respondents in New York and London view price inflation as a serious concern, such anxiety is less prevalent in Tokyo. Affordability and displacement concerns are more pronounced in high-price areas only in New York, show weaker associations in London, and are largely absent in Tokyo. In contrast, neighborhood trust tends to rise with housing prices in all three cities, suggesting that economically stable areas may foster stronger social ties. Overall, the findings indicate that objective indicators of gentrification, such as price levels and growth, do not consistently predict subjective perceptions, which are instead shaped by institutional and cultural contexts. These results underscore the importance of tailoring housing and urban policies to local conditions in an era of global urban transformation.

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This study explores the spatial design of communal cemeteries in relation to water systems within the flood-prone rice-farming region of the lower Huong River basin in Hue, Vietnam. While Hue is recognized for its shan-shui cultural landscape and sophisticated irrigation systems, previous research has largely overlooked the spatial role of communal cemeteries as components of settlement structure. Focusing on six cemeteries across nine historical settlements, this study integrates historical map analysis, drone-based photogrammetry, GIS terrain modeling, and oral history to examine how these burial spaces are functionally and symbolically embedded within the regional water system. The results reveal three key patterns: cemeteries are situated at topographical elevations, adjacent to key hydraulic features (e.g., intake and drainage points), and near flood-prone areas or areas vulnerable to salt intrusion. Many appear to have been constructed using soil from canal excavation and function as embankments or stabilization structures. These findings suggest that the communal cemeteries were intentionally designed to serve both symbolic and hydrological functions, contributing to the region’s adaptive strategies for flood and irrigation management. As such, they represent an integral part of the living cultural landscape of Hue, illustrating a form of water–burial symbiosis unique to this rice-farming region.

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Developing a comprehensive and accessible urban railway system (metro) is essential for promoting environmentally sustainable transportation and achieving long-term urban development. In Ha Noi, Viet Nam, the public’s limited familiarity and experience with the metro system pose barriers to broader adoption. To resolve this, a psychological approach is needed to explore how perceptions and intentions shape commuter behaviour. This study extends the Model of Goal-Directed Behaviour, which emphasizes desires as a key motivational construct influenced by past experiences, by incorporating personal values and cognitive dissonance into its structure. The proposed framework, termed “Cognitive Affective-Value Goal-Directed Model”, acknowledges the cognitive tensions that arise when new transportation experiences conflict with established beliefs, offering a novel lens for understanding metro adoption in transitioning urban contexts under both internal motivation and adaptive behaviour shifts.

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This study reports a pilot investigation combining the collection of physiological indicators via commercially available smartwatches with an intuitive emoji-based subjective reporting tool, EMOSy, to examine the dynamics of short-term emotions, which play a significant role in constructing people–place relationships in urban environments. The survey protocol was designed to address limitations of previous studies, such as laboratory-centric measurements and non-intuitive scales for subjective reporting, in order to more accurately reflect real-world settings while reducing participant burden. Analysis revealed that correlations between subjectively reported emotion valence and arousal and physiological or environmental indicators were observed for a small number of items, and consistent patterns across participants were few. Rather, those patterns varied substantially between participants. For instance, increases in emotional pleasantness and intensity were associated with lower resting heart rate and reduced walking intensity in one participant, whereas others showed inverse or almost no correlations. These findings indicate that individual characteristics, in addition to environmental context, might be meaningful factors in emotional dynamics in urban settings. Although confirming whether these trends and patterns are consistent requires larger-scale research, the findings of this study could inform urban planning and related practices. Specifically, it may be possible to enrich people’s urban experiences by accommodating diverse place-based emotional patterns.

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This study aimed to operationalize "place-ing"—the routine interactions through which streets transition from functional corridors to meaningful places—and to construct a model for identifying where, why, and how place-ing occurs. Based on Montgomery’s form–image–activity triad and phenomenological scholarship, the concept of place-ing was defined and empirically tested in a resident-led workshop in the heritage-rich town of Kitakata. Participants mapped 74 locations, categorizing them as existing places or future place-potentials. Analysis revealed four core elements of place-ing: Comfort (pedestrian-friendly design and amenities), Sociability & Vibrancy (social gatherings and commercial clusters), History & Culture (heritage assets and culturally rooted activities), and Everydayness & Memories (personal routines and local narratives). Notably, Everydayness & Memories, often overlooked in community-led placemaking, foster deeper intimacy and attachment, suggesting their significance in future street-based initiatives. Assessing locations identified as place-potentials highlighted five additional drivers: Physical Capacity & Condition, Heritage & Identity, Connectivity & Integration, Governance & Initiative, and Social Demand & Opportunity. Their integration into the model underscores the necessity of combining supportive physical environments, vibrant activities, enhanced connectivity, proactive governance, and responsiveness to community aspirations. The enhanced place-ing model thus provides planners with a comprehensive framework for identifying existing strengths and guiding targeted interventions.

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Bangladesh’s coastal belt experiences recurrent tropical cyclones, yet most evacuation research has emphasized whether households evacuate rather than when they depart. This study examines evacuation timing during Cyclone Remal (26 May 2024) among 215 households that moved to designated cyclone shelters in Khulna and Bagerhat districts. Evacuation start time is modeled as an ordered outcome with three categories (during/within 1 hour before landfall, 1–3 hours before landfall, and 3–6 hours before landfall) using hierarchical ordinal logistic regression. Explanatory variables are organized into six domains: social structure, social context, warning, perceived threat, constraints, and shelter facilities and management. The results show that earlier evacuation is primarily associated with lower income day labor households, warnings issued within 6 hours & 6-12 hours in advance, larger cattle ownership, stronger threat perception, prior government assistance, and credible shelter management. By contrast, perceived false alarms and reliance on walking to shelters are linked to later departure. These findings suggest that national level emergency agencies responsible for cyclone risk management should treat warning quality, assistance and shelter management as core components of evacuation policy.

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This study examines the social equity implications of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in Jakarta, Indonesia, using the Node-Place-People (NPP) framework to identify areas vulnerable to gentrification-induced displacement. While TOD provides benefits such as reduced congestion and emissions, it might also exacerbate social inequalities through rising property values that displace low-income residents. This research analyzed 75 railway stations across Jakarta's four major transit systems—KAI Commuterline, MRT Jakarta, LRT Jakarta, and LRT Jabodebek—using 800-meter catchment areas. Three composite indices were constructed using Principal Component Analysis: Node Index (transportation performance), Place Index (land use characteristics), and People/Vulnerability Index (socioeconomic conditions). K-means clustering identified five distinct station typologies: vulnerable, transit hub, urban, suburban, and downtown stations. The results found significant imbalances across the three dimensions, with several high-connectivity, well-developed areas also housing socially vulnerable populations, indicating locations where future transit-driven development pressure may warrant anti-displacement monitoring. The study identified stations such as Duri and Tanah Abang as areas where socially disadvantaged populations co-locate with transit infrastructure, requiring precautionary policy attention as the network expands. The research proposes policy recommendations tailored to each station area typologies to guide policymakers in Jakarta to pursue equitable TOD implementation that promotes sustainable urban development while mitigating displacement risks, ensuring transit investments benefit all residents.

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This study attempts to analyze the degree of ageing of PFIs by district and facility type using the fixed asset ledger, which provides important information related to the degree and scale of ageing like acquisition price, years of service life and years of operation. By providing some index indicating the degree and the scale of ageing based on the ledger, the study draws implications for restructuring and planning of PFIs. By the analysis, the study found that the use of fixed asset ledger makes it possible to clarify and compare the degree of ageing of PFIs by facility type and by district, using the same indicators. In the case of Iga City, the analysis of the ledger revealed that the suburban and rural areas are exclusively concerned with the renewal of infrastructures, particularly bridges, whereas in the central area, measures to address the ageing of public facilities are simultaneously required as well as infrastructures. But it was also found that there are a number of challenges to the use of fixed asset ledgers by the study, including the accuracy of the data of the ledgers and the limitation to rely on the accounting theory.

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Fake Historical Architecture and Disneyfication usually convey a detrimental meaning for the authenticity of historical areas, especially if considered from the mindset of Western preservationists. The paper aims to elucidate that both of these phenomena might be interpreted from a different angle in East Asian cultural contexts, where it could be more accurate to develop the term 'Staged Architecture' instead. Drawing on the fields of Urban Aesthetics and Architectural History and Theory, the research employs the concepts of Rhetorical Experiences and Urban Thematization to highlight the uniqueness of Staged Architecture and characterize its key features. To support this hypothesis, we examine Staged Architecture cases within three Preservation Districts in Japan, analyzing the perceptions and urban aesthetics evoked by the staged buildings, which are generally supported by local authorities and visitors. The study concludes by validating the term as an outstanding phenomenon. It discusses why understanding it from a neutral perspective is essential, as it reflects the character of aesthetics and social values in the East Asian context.

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In the aftermath of the 25 April 2015 earthquake, extensive efforts were undertaken to reconstruct historic settlements in the Kathmandu Valley. While previous studies have examined the reconstruction of temples and private houses, limited attention has been paid to post-disaster reconstruction at the scale of historic settlements as a whole, particularly from the perspective of commons and community-based governance that sustain living heritage. This study examines post-earthquake reconstruction in Khokana, a historic Newar vernacular village in Nepal that has been included on the Tentative List of World Heritage Sites since 1996. Drawing on long-term field research conducted between 2015 and 2025, the study focuses on the reconstruction of common buildings—such as temples and pati (communal rest pavilions, sometimes hosting deity statues)—that are routinely managed by residents and embedded in everyday life. Although many private houses were reconstructed using reinforced cement concrete (RCC), the overall vernacular “atmosphere” of the settlement has shown a remarkable degree of continuity. By evaluating the reconstruction of commons through Elinor Ostrom’s design principles for managing common pool resources, this study conceptualizes reconstruction as a process of reconstituting socio-spatial assemblages rather than merely restoring individual structures. The findings highlight the crucial role of commons in sustaining intangible cultural practices, traditional knowledge, and community life, thereby conserving the living heritage of historic settlements beyond conventional townscape or landscape conservation.

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Urban green spaces (UGSs) are increasingly being recognized for their role in addressing biodiversity loss and climate change, as highlighted by the IPBES and IPCC. However, conventional remote sensing methods struggle to accurately detect small-scale UGS such as residential planting. This study aimed to develop a method for high-precision extraction of small-scale UGSs using airborne remote sensing data and deep learning. Focusing on Tama City, Tokyo, we created 8 datasets by combining RGB imagery with light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived features—normalized Digital Surface Model (nDSM), Number of Returns (NOR), and Intensity. These were input to semantic segmentation using SegNet to verify the accuracy of green space extraction. The results showed that incorporating nDSM, NOR, and Intensity significantly improved the extraction accuracy compared to the RGB-only input (p < 0.05). The combination of NOR and Intensity was particularly effective in detecting small-scale UGS. Conversely, the extraction accuracy decreased for green spaces with complex morphologies and low circularity. Our findings highlight the value of LiDAR features, especially NOR and Intensity, in the high-precision extraction of small UGSs and demonstrate the potential of open data for supporting future urban planning and environmental policy.

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This study aims to identify national and local challenges and best practices amid urban decarbonization policy, with a comparative case study approach focused on Japan and New Zealand. Insights on three perspectives — government initiatives for decarbonizing cities, integration of climate action in urban planning, and challenges in promoting decarbonization — were obtained through interviews with four local governments in Japan, two local governments and the central government in New Zealand. In Japan, progress on specific initiatives has been limited, as urban planning departments face difficulties in developing decarbonization strategies. In contrast, it was revealed that local governments in New Zealand have a progressive attitude towards climate change. This means assigning staff to climate change initiatives across sectors and developing urban and transport plans with specific actions to address climate change. However, recent policy changes to the resource management system in New Zealand will not directly encourage climate change mitigation in the land use sector. One of the challenges faced by New Zealand planners relates to advancing national and local decarbonization strategies while complying with rapidly changing central government policies.

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The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the pond’s water storage capacity, quantity of stormwater runoff, rainwater stock, and infiltration capacity. This will help to clarify the function of green infrastructure in Japanese gardens. We selected Sankeien garden in Yokohama as the study site for this research. Sankeien is divided into seven areas: 1. Woodland, 2. Grassland/shrubland (including lawn), 3. Bare ground, 4. Pond, 5. Gravel ground, 6. Paved area, 7. Building ground. The total water volume of the five ponds in the garden is 11,389 (m3). This value corresponds to a rainfall of approximately 60 (mm) per hour. This paper clarified the basic area of Sankeien. The current rainfall-runoff volume is 32,540 (m3/sec). Assuming that the entire Sankeien is paved, the stormwater runoff is 64,680 (m3/sec). The rainwater stock capacity was analyzed by horizontal projected area and surface area. The rain stock capacity by horizontal projected area and surface area were 73.28 (mm) and 74.02 (mm), respectively, which are almost the same value. The present Sankeien can withstand a torrential rainfall of approximately 74 (mm). The infliltration amount exhibits a difference of 171.97 (m3/hr) between the measured value and the theritical value.

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This study investigates how micro-level functional uses influence key urban outcomes: population density, land price, and passenger volume within predominantly commercial and residential station areas. 131 train stations located in Osaka's densely inhabited district (DID) were analyzed using 400-meter buffers. Commercial (C1) and residential (C2) dominant station clusters were obtained by the K-means clustering method. Then, micro-level functional uses within each cluster, such as single-family housing, multi-family housing, mixed-use apartments, housing with stores, retail, offices, food and hospitality, education, healthcare, services, administration, entertainment, and spiritual uses, were analyzed to examine their relationship with key urban outcomes using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. Findings revealed that the influence of functional uses on urban outcomes was context-dependent. In C1, housing and retail functions significantly predicted population density, while only the retail functions significantly predicted land price and passenger volume. In contrast, in C2, housing, offices and business functions predicted the population density, while offices and business, food and hospitality, and entertainment functions predicted the land price. However, there were no strong predictors for passenger volume. These findings indicate that station areas do not behave uniformly but are shaped by the dominant land use purpose. Further, broader land use categories masked finer patterns of activity, and adopting a micro-level classification provides valuable insights for promoting equitable and sustainable urban development.

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