エネルギー変換反応が起きる固液界面のその場解析

抄録

The energy conversion processes occurring at solid-liquid interfaces play a critical role in the performance in rechargeable batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, and catalysts. However, the buried nature of these interfaces and the need for high spatial resolution in analysis have historically hindered a detailed understanding, often leaving discussions reliant on speculation. Recent advancements in surface and interface sciences techniques have enabled the investigation of physical properties and reaction mechanisms at these interfaces. This paper highlights significant findings from such advancements, with a focus on the electrode/electrolyte interface in rechargeable batteries. Using single crystal of LiCoO_x as a model electrode, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and first-principles calculations revealed that the arrangement of Li vacancies influences the electronic conductivity, introducing a novel perspective on electrode performance. Furthermore, advanced techniques such as frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) and in-situ X-ray and neutron analysis have elucidated the structural and electronic state changes occurring during charge and discharge cycles. The research also will explore new battery systems, including fluoride shuttle batteries, which offer unique advantages such as multivalent electron reactions and high energy density. Additionally, This review introduces cutting-edge methods for evaluating interface properties like viscosity, temperature effects, and humidity influences, with implications for understanding and optimizing interfacial reactions. These findings underscore the potential of surface and interface science techniques to unveil critical insights into energy materials, paving the way for the design of high-performance devices in the future.