混血の現在／過去

――混血研究と日本人起源論から考える帝国日本――

抄録

  The Empire of Japan gradually expanded its territory (Taiwan, Korea, Karafuto (Sakhalin), Kwantung Leased Territory, the Southern Sea Islands (Micronesia), and Manchuria) from the middle of Meiji period, and also elaborated a large sphere of influence called Great East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere (Daitōa kyōei ken) during the WWII. This paper will consider the relationship between scientific discourses upon “mixed-blood” peoples within Japan’s new territories on one hand, and, on the other hand, theories upon the origins of Japanese, during the first half of 1940’s. Therefore, I will focus on two aspects of the racial studies in 20^th century Japan: (1) the anthropological and medical studies upon “mixed-blood” children born between Japanese and colonial or occupied populations, a category which was increasing within the Empire of Japan (“Present” of mixed-blood discourses); (2) the anthropological theories according to which the Japanese people had its roots in multiple races and peoples of East Asia (“Past” of mixed-blood discourses).

  Firstly, I will review the development of racial studies and of theories about the origins of Japanese from the Meiji period to the 1930’s. In this section I will confirm that scholars of this time did not regard mixed-blood peoples as a problem. In a second part, I will show how, from the end of the 1930’s, scholars began to think that the mixing of blood in process within the empire was undesirable; researches upon the matter of mixed-blood thus increased quickly. Thirdly, I will describe how scientists developed new theories according to which the Japanese never encountered no mixing of their blood in the past. Eventually, I will conclude upon the aspects of these scientific discourses which considered the matter of mixed-blood in the past and in the present at the time of the Great East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere.