本質主義的な記述を超えるために

――「社会 : 個人」の二元論への状況的認知論からの挑戦――

抄録

  In this paper I propose a solution to the problem of essentialism, the subject of heated debate in the field of anthropology. The solution I propose derives from my reading of the theoretical framework propounded by Jean Lave [1995], a theorist belonging to the school of situated cognition.

  First, I shall examine the theoretical background of essentialism and show that it is based on the premise of a duality between ‘society’ and the ‘individual’. Then, I shall examine the theoretical framework propounded by Lave as an alternative to the theoretical framework based on a ‘society’/‘individual’ dualism, the theoretical basis of anthropology and psychology since the beginning of 20th century. Finally, based on this examination, I propound an alternative to the essentialistic approach to ethnography.