グループ・ダイナミックスが聴いたバフチンの声

――被災者の語りに響くポリフォニー――

抄録

  A fundamental shift in theories and methods of group dynamics was proposed based on a Bakhtinian dialogical approach; a shift from an interest in a group performance, resulting from individual behaviors, to a focus on a group dynamical mechanism through which individual minds are socio-culturally constructed. As a first step in such a direction, the present study analyzed the transcripts of oral narratives that were told, as stories, to school children by two disaster victims of the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Quake. The story tellers were members of a voluntary group, called Group-117, whose aim was to pass such experiences on to the next generation. The analyses of the narratives focused on the ways the narrators told the stories rather than on the narrative content, using narrative analytical concepts such as “by-players” and “multi-voicedness.” The results showed that, both in the narratives of Ms. Shono and Ms. Asai, where a particular person played the role of a by-player, the by-player's voice overlapped the narrator's one as an overtone to create multi-voicedness of the narratives. An audience was also involved in such processes as construct multi-voicedness as an addressee of the talks. It was suggested that the multi-voicedness observed in their narratives not only shaped a basic structure of narratives but also reflected clearly the state of the speaker's socio-psychological world. In other words, a “by-player,” which controlled a narrative style, was not confined just to an utterance itself, but often had much to do with the actuality of speakers’ socio-psychological world. Theoretical communality between Bakhtinian dialogical approach and collaborative practices in group dynamics was also discussed.