順応か競争か

――キューバの演奏家をめぐる創造的環境の重層性――

抄録

  This paper is the result of fieldwork performed for several musical players and intellectuals of the eastern Cuba district. The purpose of investigation was, firstly, in what process musical skill is polished by an amateur player and it results in his professionization, and secondly, how a public research organization and a intellectual affect a series of environment of music learning and, lastly, how the assessment system according to the standardized categories is utilized again by a player in Socialist State. As an example, the author treated mainly activity of the two organizations, a public research center Casa del Caribe and the Eastern Part Folk Dance National Team.

  Attention was given specially to the state of proper use of a sense of values, adaptation and competition, and individualism, shown by the each actor. Only the existence of an assessment system is not a reason of people competing fiercely to musical skill acquisition. In Cuba, the multistory social relation which music practice spins is found, exceeding binomial opposition like a state and an individual.

  As a result, a) for a Cuban player, musical skill is acquired in the feasts of a street corner, b) the wonderfulness of a performance and the grace of a dance serve as big conditions, when raising their social evaluation, c) the employment opportunity as a national civil servant is brought about by relative evaluation in an assessment system, d) a national cultural system is supported in buffer by public research organizations and intellectuals, e) a sense of values is used properly by a player, f) by being based on both adaptation and competition, a player's social status is guaranteed and the musical creativity of the whole country increases, etc. became clear.