水中特異的な有機反応の開発

抄録

The advancement of modern organic chemistry is inextricably linked to organic solvents. Organic solvents allow for the homogeneous dispersion of organic compounds, thereby enhancing reaction efficiency and enabling control over reaction rates and selectivity. Consequently, the principles of organic reactions have been cultivated and systematized based on their behavior in organic solvents, leading to high yields and selectivity in a wide array of molecular transformations. However, organic solvents pose significant environmental concerns, accounting for an estimated 80% of chemical waste in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Therefore, the development of sustainable organic synthesis methods that eliminate the need for organic solvents is a pressing need. Utilizing water as a reaction medium offers a potential solution. Historically, organic syntheses in the 19th century, such as Wöhler's urea synthesis, aldol condensation of acetone, and Kolbe's electrolysis, were performed in water. However, the increasing prevalence of water-insoluble organic compounds and the deactivation of organometallic compounds and reactive intermediates in water have necessitated the use of organic solvents. This presents challenges for organic synthesis in water, including the development of new reaction designs and catalysts. On the other hand, the unique properties of water offer opportunities for developing organic syntheses that differ fundamentally from those in organic solvents. In nature, enzymes possess unique strategies to efficiently carry out reactions in water. By emulating these natural processes and using them as a basis for catalyst and reaction design, new possibilities for organic synthesis in water are anticipated. This paper focuses on idiosyncratic organic synthesis specific to water, detailing recent achievements and future prospects.

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