Abstract
Recent developments of triphase catalysis are reviewed. First, applications of ion-exchange resins to organic synthesis as reagents and catalysts are described in connection with polymeric phase transfer catalysts. Subsequently, polymeric phase transfer catalysts are classified into three typical groups, namely, onium salts type, crown ethers and cryptands type, and cosolvents type. Their specific features in triphase catalysis are demonstrated. Activity-determining factors and mechanistic aspects of triphase catalysis are also discussed.
