Journal of Law and Information System
Online ISSN : 2432-9649
Print ISSN : 2433-0264
ISSN-L : 2433-0264
Volume 4
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
  • Arisa Ema, Katsue Nagakura
    2018 Volume 4 Pages 3-14
    Published: 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: October 02, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
     Discussions on artificial intelligence (AI) and ethics/society are carried out within and between various academic, government, and NPO institutions in Japan and overseas since around 2015. Under such circumstances, the IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems published the first and the second version of the IEEE Ethically Aligned Design (EAD), focusing on the issues such as embedding ethical design into technologies and considering AI governance. We categorized 13 chapters of the EAD report into 6 (risk, emotion, society, law, foundations, and ethics and principles) and organized a workshop series to understand the content of EADv2 and create a network among AI/IT researchers, social science and humanities researchers, industries, policy makers and other stakeholders. Each workshop invited guests who could provide related issues to each chapter to promote discussion. This article outlines the points raised in the workshop and by doing so, we would like to consider the viewpoints that contribute to the IEEE global initiatives by offering the unique perspectives from Japan.
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  • in reference to Carpenter v. United States
    Aimi Ozaki, Gentaro Kamei
    2018 Volume 4 Pages 15-27
    Published: 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: October 02, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    In June 22, 2018, the Supreme Court made a landmark decision, which held in a 5-4 decision that The Government’s acquisition of Carpenter’s cell-site records was a Fourth Amendment search. Prior to Carpenter, the Supreme Court held that a person had no legitimate expectation of privacy in regards to dialed telephone numbers conveyed to telephone company voluntarily turned over to third parties, and therefore a search warrant was not required to obtain the information. This legal theory is known as the third-party doctrine, established by the Supreme Court case Smith v. Maryland (1979). In this paper, we discuss the third-party doctrine and analyze each justice’s opinion about the Supreme Court Decision of Carpenter case.
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  • Teppei Kouguchi
    2018 Volume 4 Pages 28-35
    Published: 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: October 02, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    This research approaches from the viewpoint of economics for the utilization of personal data. In Japan today, it is not clearly known what kind of policy response could make personal data transactions a reality. If it became possible to make personal data transactions, and use one’s own personal data on the various services one has chosen, these services could become more user-friendly. However, the use of personal data goes hand in hand with the risk of privacy violations. Accordingly, it is important to somehow design systems that reduce anxiety regarding violations of the individual’s privacy. This research refer to the results of previous research and show the problems in the current system.
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  • À propos de La Gouvernance par les nombres d’Alain Supiot
    Shinji Kojima
    2018 Volume 4 Pages 36-45
    Published: 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: October 02, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Cet article a pour objectif de présenter un petit commentaire par un constitutionnaliste japonais sur un ouvrage récent de Professeur Alain Supiot (La Gouvernance par les nombres [Paris : Fayard, 2015]). Dans la société post-industrielle, les salariés sont juridiquement de plus en plus autonomes, mais en même temps, matériellement subordonnés. La question de cet article concerne la raison pour laquelle Supiot suit ce raisonnement paradoxal. Pour répondre à cette question, je compare la thèse de Supiot avec un autre texte, celui de François Ewald (II). Avant ces comparaison et synthèse, je compte préciser ma question au lumière des deux contextes et de comparaison avec le droit japonais (I). Je pense que l’enjeu est de savoir si le péril de stabilisation de rapports de force est sérieux ou non.
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  • Gefahr des Overblocking
    Takashi Jitsuhara
    2018 Volume 4 Pages 46-56
    Published: 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: October 02, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Bei der letzten Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten sowie bei dem „Brexit-Referendum“ im Vereinigten Königreich wurden die Sozialen Netzwerke häufig genutzt. Demzufolge hat die deutsche Bundesregierung kurz vor der Bundestagswahl 2017 ein Gesetz entworfen, das die Betreiber von Sozialen Netzwerken in die Verantwortung nimmt, und dieses „NetzDG“ genannte Gesetz wurde noch im selben Jahr beschlossen und in Kraft gesetzt. Das NetzDG verpflichtet Betreiber großer Netzwerke, die die im Gesetz festgelegten Kriterien erfüllen, zur Umsetzung von Verfahren im Umgang mit Beschwerden über Inhalte, die im Sinne dieses Gesetztes rechtswidrig sind, und es schreibt eine Prüfung sowie ggf. eine Löschung dieser Inhalte vor. Falls ein Betreiber nicht halbjährlich über den Umgang mit Beschwerden berichtet, oder falls er kein Beschwerdeverfahren sowie Prüfungs- und Löschungssystem implementiert, soll dies als Ordnungswidrigkeit geahndet werden, für die Bußgelder von bis zu 50 Millionen Euro verhängt werden können. Aber es gibt auch viel Kritik am NetzDG, wobei sich die Kritik z.B. an der starren sowie kurzen Zeitspanne für die Prüfung einer (klaren) inhaltlichen Rechtswidrigkeit entzündet oder an der Möglichkeit, dass selbst bei einer Fehleinschätzung ein Bußgeld verhängt werden kann. Wären die „Schwellenwerte“ für die in den „Bußgeldvorschriften“ festgelegten Bußgelder hoch angesetzt, könnte man vielleicht der Kritik am NetzDG etwas entgegensetzen, aber die Regelungen lassen selbst bei leichten Verstößen gegen das NetzDG Bußgelder zu. Vorschriften dieser Art können dazu führen, dass Betreiber Inhalte löschen, selbst dann, wenn gar nicht klar ist, ob es sich um einen Gesetzesverstoß handelt. Zweifel am NetzDG bleiben daher angebracht, insbesondere aufgrund der Gefahr des „Overblocking“.
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  • Kazuyuki Tanikawa
    2018 Volume 4 Pages 57-68
    Published: 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: October 02, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Japanese Copyright Act has a lot of limitations and exceptions (L&Es) on copyright. These L&Es are, however, so specific and detailed that courts are usually reluctant to expand them under the author-centric view. In contrast, the Canadian Supreme Court set aside the view and developed the copyright law into more user-friendly.
     In this paper, I review and examine the landmark cases of the Canadian Supreme Court, which suggest how Japanese copyright law should be reformed.
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  • Yoichiro Itakura
    2018 Volume 4 Pages 69-73
    Published: 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: October 02, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
     This study includes 1) Introduction 2) The analysis of a contract about privacy from the viewpoint of substantive law, 3) The analysis of a contract about privacy from the viewpoint of procedural law, 4) The future discussion point of a contract about privacy. In Vol. (4), analysis of ‘privacy contract’ is continually discussed from the viewpoint of procedural law.
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  • Hiromitsu Takagi
    2018 Volume 4 Pages 74-100
    Published: 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: October 02, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
     The discussions made in the revision of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information in 2015 revealed the issues that could not be achieved with the amendment, and highlighted that a number of unresolved problems remain in current legislation. One of the issues that could not be achieved is that it was not realized despite being understood that it was necessary to include individual behavioral data recorded with device identifier as the subject of protection under the Act. And the unresolved problem with current legislation is, for example, that the interpretation of the sentence “can be easily matched with other information” in the definition of personal information has not been clarified.
     This series of papers attempts to propose a direction to solve the remaining issues for the next revision of the Act. Specifically, by focusing on the difference between “personal information” and “personal data”, by clarifying the difference in interpretation between the sentence “can be easily matched with” and “can be matched with”, we aim to unify only the provision on “personal information file” in the private sector and the public sector.
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  • Toshiya Jitsuzumi, Ikuo Nakagawa, Katsushi Yamashita, Daisuke Kawada, ...
    2018 Volume 4 Pages 101-134
    Published: 2018
    Released on J-STAGE: October 02, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
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