Archives of Histology and Cytology
Online ISSN : 1349-1717
Print ISSN : 0914-9465
ISSN-L : 0914-9465
Volume 52, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
  • Katsuko KATAOKA, Junko TABATA, Masao YAMAMOTO, Toshihide TOYOTA
    1989 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 81-86
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Intercellular junctions in the epithelium of the rat small intestine were studied by the freeze-fracture method. Gap junctions were found between columnar cells of the crypt far more frequently than between absorptive cells of the villus. In addition, in the crypt, large particles 11 to 13nm in diameter were often associated with the gap junction which primarily consisted of usual gap junctional particles 8 to 9nm in diameter. Both the usual and large particles possessed a central pit.
    The intestinal crypt is the site of epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation in the process of physiological cell renewal. The predominant presence of gap junctions in this region suggests that they play a certain role in the proliferation and differentiation of crypt columnar cells. Further studies are required to elucidate the nature of the large particles, a precursor of typical connexons and/or a functionally different gap junction.
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  • Pál TÓTH, Charles STRAZNICKY
    1989 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 87-93
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Following the application either of cobalticlysine complex or a 30% solution of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in a sealed tube to the cut end of the optic nerve of young adult Xenopus frogs, the dendritic morphology of large ganglion cells was studied in retinal wholemount preparations, and compared with that in animals of the same size as revealed by the short time administration of HRP crystals. In the former two groups of animals, after 24h survival, the size of the dendritic arborization of characterized ganglion cell types, Types I and III, were found to be significantly larger (61-79% and 180-187%, respectively) than those which survived 3 days after the administration of HRP crystals. These findings suggest that the very fine dendritic branches of large ganglion cells may remain unlabelled after a short-time exposure to HRP.
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  • Kenton J. ZEHR, Bryce L. MUNGER, Terrell E. JONES
    1989 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 95-108
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The process of secondary neuralation has been studied in the Brazilian opossum, Monodelphis domesticus. Secondary neuralation in this mammal was found to have qualities of secondary neuralation that were present in both the chick and the mouse. In this study, four stages of secondary neuralation were found beginning with the medullary cord stage. Other stages in the differentiation of the secondary neural tube were: differentiation of the neuroepithelium, cavitation of the medullary cord, and proliferation of the neural tube. The process of secondary neuralation proceeded in a rostral-to-caudal direction and was found to be independent of age. Diastematomyelia (doubling of the tube) was found in several animals. The process of cavitation was completed by the joining of severall small, focal cavities in a rostral-to-caudal direction. The most distinctive feature of secondary neuralation in this animal was the finding of axons within the secondary neural tube, a feature not characteristic of either the chick or the mouse.
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  • Keisuke YAMASHITA, Hisao FUJITA, Koichi KITAJIMA, Yoshio NISHII
    1989 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 109-114
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Porcine thyroid epithelial cells, isolated and cultured on a type I collagen substrate, formed a monolayered sheet. When the apical surface of the monolayer was further covered with the same collagen substrate, the epithelial cells migrated and formed intercellular follicular lumen-like structures. In addition, a true intracellular follicular lumen sometimes appeared, especially in cells of the monolayer region. It was proved by serial sections that the intracellular follicular lumina, 1-5μm in diameter, lined by rather long microvilli and stained for PAS, had no openings to the extracellular space. The intracellular lumina are presumed to fuse with each other to form an intercellular follicnear lumen, or fuse with the preformed intercellular follicular lumen. Autoradiographic studies using 125I revealed that iodination of thyroglobulin takes place in the peripheral region of both intracellular and intercellular follicular lumina.
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  • Takumi YASUGI, Toshiyuki KAIDO, Yasuo UEHARA
    1989 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 115-122
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper deals with changes in intralobular microvascular density and architecture of the rat mammary gland during the reproductive cycle.
    Morphometrical analysis of india ink-perfused histological sections showed that the vascular density (the percentage of the total area of the vascular lumen to the whole lobular area), was consistently low before pregnancy and slightly increased by the 5th day of gestation. The vascular density increased twofold from the 5th to 10th days and decreased gradually thereafter. This substantial increase may presumably be associated with rapid glandular development, and the subsequent decrease may reflect the hypertrophy of individual acini.
    Scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts showed that blood vessels were sparse before the 5th day of gestation and proliferated by capillary sprouts and globular outgrowths of venules by the 18th day. After the 12th day, the blood vessels were organized into round lumps which appeared to correspond in size to individual lobules. By the 18th day, the vessels were remodeled into highly ordered basket like units which disintegrated by the 20th day. The findings suggest that homogenious acini, formed temporally, eventually undergo uneven growth.
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  • Takashi ISHII, Takehiko ISHIBASHI
    1989 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 123-133
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The ultrastructures of the pituitary pars intermedia of 11 male sheep about 1-13 months of age were observed. The following cells were distinguished in the sheep pars intermedia: pars intermedia glandular cells, marginal cells, interstitial cells, follicular cells, pars distalis-like granular cells, degenerating cells and mast cells.
    The pars intermedia glandular cells contain a well-developed Golgi apparatus and many mitochondria. The secretory granules had various densities and sizes (100-425nm in diameter). No image of exocytosis was found. The pars intermedia glandular cells were classified into the following three subtypes: “PI-I, PI-II and PI-III type cells.” PI-I type cells contain rather few secretory granules, but their rough endoplasmic reticulum is well developed in parallel arrays. PI-II type cells contain a few secretory granules, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum consists of scattered short strands. PI-III type cells contain abundant secretory granules of high density mixed with a few granules with low density. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is scattered strands. This type of cell was distinguished from granular cells like those of the pars distalis, although the granular cells also contained many dense granules. The marginal cells contacted the glandular cells directly, not being separated by a basal lamina. The degenerating cells were filled with myelinated lysosomes. Mast cells were often found in the interlobular connective tissue.
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  • Kazumasa KUROSUMI, Hisami TOSAKA, Kunihiko IJIMA
    1989 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 135-150
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The perinatal development of glandular cells in the rat anterior pituitary producing pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor protein of peptide hormones including adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH) and endorphins was studied by an immunoelectron microscopic technique using the colloidal gold-antibody method. The POMC cells are classified into the following three types: 1) an immature type, 2) an intermediate type, and 3) a mature type, which correspond to Types III, I and II of the ACTH cells, respectively. The average size of the secretory granules in POMC cells varies widely, measuring 98.6±8.5nm in the immature type, 111.4±6.7nm in the intermediate type, and 139.3±23.1nm in the mature type. The immature type comprises more than 90% of the POMC cells in the late fetal stage, but decreases in number after birth. The intermediate type reaches a peak at 8 days (female) or 33 days (male), while the mature type is that most frequently observed at 45 days, i. e., more than 50-60% of the total POMC cells, when the immature type decreases to about 15%.
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  • Takuro MURAKAMI, Yoshifumi UNO, Aiji OHTSUKA, Takehito TAGUCHI
    1989 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 151-172
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The blood vascular bed of the rat testis was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of corrosion casts and by light microscopy of tissue sections. The testicular artery penetrates the pampiniform plexus and gives rise to the intertubular arterioles. Each of these arterioles courses in the intertubular connective tissue column, and gives off intertubular and peritubular capillaries. The intertubular capillaries pass the intertubular connective tissue column, whereas the peritubular capillaries reach the peritubular connective tissue sheet. The intertubular and peritubular capillaries anastomose with each other and converge into the intertubular venules in the intertubular connective tissue columns. Thus, the blood vascular bed of the rat testis consists of hexago- or pentago-columnar capillary networks which commonly surround the seminiferous tubules. The Leidig's cells are preferentially observed in the intertubular connective tissue columns. One of the intertubular capillaries is consistently thick, and directly continues into the intertubular venules (arteriolo-venular capillary channels), which finally drain into the pampiniform plexus. These findings suggest that the male sex hormone, testosterone, as secreted by the Leidig's cells, is discharged into the intertubular capillaries and then mainly carried by the arteriolo-venular capillary channels and intertubular venules into the pampiniform plexus. This specialized drainage may ensure the presence of highly concentrated testosterone in the pampiniform plexus and allow the testosterone-exchange from the pamipiniform plexus to the testicular artery. The arteriolo-venular capillary channels may also eliminate blood congestion in the testis to enhance the efficiency of the heat-exchange mechanism between the testicular artery and pampiniform plexus. Many arterio-arterial and arterio-venous anastomoses occur, which may regulate the blood flow within the testis.
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  • Babür KÜÇÜK, Kazuhiro ABE
    1989 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 173-182
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This is the first scanning electron microscopic demonstration of the three-dimensional architecture and detailed surface structures of the entire osseous labyrinth of the cochlea. Mouse cochleae were observed after dissolving the soft tissues with KOH and NaOCl solutions.
    The precise shapes, surface structures, and orientations of the primary osseous spiral lamina and secondary osseous spiral lamina in the cochlea were observed along their entire course from the hook at the base to the helicotrema at the apex. The primary osseous spiral lamina showed three half turns after the hook; the lengths of the hook and each half turn and the slope angle of the spiral were obtained. The widths of the primary and secondary spiral laminae and the spiral fissure for the basilar membrane between the free edges of the two spiral laminae were measured along the course of the cochlear duct. The surface of the lateral wall under the stria vascularis was also viewed.
    Scanning electron microscopy can provide more precise microanatomical data than has been previously available for the osseous cochlea, giving a better understanding of hearing mechanisms with regard to the width, support, and movement of the basilar membrane and the functions of various components of the cochlea.
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  • Worawut RERKAMNUAYCHOKE, Takao NISHIDA, Masamichi KUROHMARU, Yoshihiro ...
    1989 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 183-190
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The morphology of the convoluted testicular artery and the pampiniform plexus of the golden hamster was studied by light microscopy and corrosion cast techniques combined with scanning electron microscopy. The artery was found to be totally enclosed by the pampiniform plexus, except for minor superficial areas where the artery was exposed. Although no direct connection between the artery and the vein was found in the area of apposition, the arterial and venous walls reduced their thickness by sharing a single tunica adventitia, which seemed well suited to the transfer of substances by diffusion. Many band-like structures of the venous walls were found in the deep part of the spermatic cord, suggesting that these may act as barriers to slow down the venous blood velocity. The venous wall here and there showed a stick-like endothelial bridge, suggesting that it may prevent the veins from over distension. In addition to the close relation between the artery and the vein, lymphatic vessels and mast cells were distributed widely within the connective tissue of the arterio-venous walls and venous walls. Mast cells were situated mainly in the area of apposition, especially at the base of the protruding venous wall. These morphological findings suggest that mast cells may be involved in the counter-current transfer mechanism in the spermatic cord of the golden hamster.
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  • Eichi YAMADA
    1989 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 191-195
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The intraepithelial nerve fibers of rabbit ciliary epithelium were observed under the electron microscope after administration of 5-hydroxydopamine. All the fibers so far observed contained small and large cored vesicles, thus indicating their noradrenergic nature.
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  • Shoichi ISEKI, Hisatake KONDO, Che-Hui KUO, Naomasa MIKI
    1989 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 197-200
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: October 26, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    By a combination of immunohistochemistry andi in situ hybridization using a 35S-labeled opsin cDNA probe, it was revealed in rd mutant C3H/He mice that opsin mRNA is not detectable in photoreceptor cells which still exhibit opsin-immunoreactivity at later stages of retinal degeneration. This indicates that the photoreceptor cells of rd mutant mice cease to express the opsin gene at earlier stages of retinal degeneration.
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