Water drive development is the most widely used and mature oil field development technology. Water drive development includes water flooding (water injection) and water injection huff and puff. The main reasons for the broad application of water drive development include: (1) injected water can drive crude oil wells, (2) water can be injected into strata relatively easily to increase reservoir energy, and (3) water resources have lower investment and operation costs. The driving development of more and more oilfields in China has entered the middle and high water cut stage, and the proportion of low-grade reservoirs with low permeability and low abundance is getting higher and higher, which makes the development more difficult. How to improve the effectiveness of the water drive and improve the efficiency of water drive is the key problem to be solved in oilfield water drive development. At the same time, under the condition of complex injection-production relationships and frequent dynamic changes of the displacement field, it can effectively tap the potential of remaining oil and improve the development effect of water drive, which puts forward higher requirements for water drive development technology. This paper summarizes the present situation of water-drive development technology in Chinese oilfields and puts forward some suggestions for the future development trend.

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Climate change is seriously affecting the food crop ecosystem. Wheat is not only an important food crop for human beings, but also one of the food crops sensitive to climate change. Wheat is divided into winter wheat and spring wheat. China is dominated by winter wheat. This paper reviews the research progress on the effects of climate change on wheat in China from four aspects. The contents include: (1) the influence of planting boundary and planting area, (2) the influence of planting system and yield, (3) the influence of quality, and (4) the influence of agricultural input. Previous studies have shown that although climate change moves the planting boundary of wheat northward and expands the planting area as a whole, climate change affects the growth and development process of wheat, the change of suitable planting areas, and the aggravation of diseases and insect pests, which leads to the decrease of planting yield and quality. The adverse effects of climate change can be dealt with through adjustment of planting distribution, variety improvement, and technological improvement. In the future, climate change will further affect the ecology of wheat. It is still necessary to strengthen the research on the impact mechanism and countermeasures of climate change to ensure wheat’s sustainable development. This paper aims to provide a reference for the impact assessment of climate change on wheat and the sustainable development of grain.

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