During recrystallization, an increase in the internal friction followed by a subsequent decrease has been observed in many metals. In this study, poly crystalline aluminums were used to study the evolution of the internal friction during annealing. Measurements were performed at room temperature and Q^<-1> and (-ΔG/G) were reported as functions of the annealing temperature. Three stages appear in the evolution of the internal friction : a light increase associated with the recovery, a strong increase up to a maximum due to the recrystallization and a decrease associated with post recrystallization.

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To prepare a diffusion barrier exhibiting low resistivity for a Cu metallization system of Si-LSI, we have investigated the sputtering conditions for the formation of VN film. V-N films deposited on glass substrates by various sputtering conditions were examined by x-ray diffraction analysis, and the crystal structure of their films were investigated. As a result, the film formed under the conditions of a substrate temperature of 400℃, RF sputtering power of 175W and N_2 flow ratio of 20% was the single-oriented (111) VN film. The electrical properties of its film were measured, and it was known that the values of resistivity (p) and the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) at a thickness of 2000 Å is about 57μΩ cm and 650 ppm/℃, respectively. Then, the thermal stability of the VN/Si contact structure was investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy analysis, and it was found that this contact structure is stable up to 700℃.

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In mobile communications, many signals are assumed to be incident on the base station. In this case, it is important to estimate direction of arrival and the power level. We can estimate the direction of arrival and the power level using the MUSIC algorithm or ESPRIT algorithm. In this paper, we propose a scheme to estimate the direction of arrival and the power level using a genetic algorithm.

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The job-shop problem is a classical but yet modern problem. Because it belongs to the NP-hard problem and it is almost impossible to find out the exact solution, many heuristic methods have been proposed. Although dispatching rule methods have been adopted to determine the practical schedules for a long time, their performance is limited. Recently, the genetic algorithm has been proposed as a powerful tool to solve the problem. Authors have applied the genetic algorithm to the job-shop problem by introducing the new chromosome representation, as well. While the genetic algorithm obtains a good approximate solution, it only searches for one local solution. In making a good schedule depending on the manufacturing situation, it is often necessary to present various types of schedules. The purpose of this study is to develop the new method, which allows us to represent a various types of schedules. The immune algorithm is employed in solving the job-shop problem to achieve this purpose. The immune algorithm can be found out in a creature as well as the genetic algorithm. Its main feature is to store the solution as immunity into the memory and to suppress the similar solution by use of the stored solution. The genetic algorithm is used as a searching procedure for the solution. Numerical experiments verify that the immune algorithm obtains various types of schedules.

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A number of studies have been analyzed for the applications of learning agents. However, in designing the learning agents, it is necessary to take account of the reward property for the agent under the multi-agent system. This paper aims to develop a mathematical model for the learning agents and analyzes its reward property in the multi-agent system.

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Many methods such as mathematical programming and heuristic methods have been proposed for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). However, the TSP still stands as a difficult problem. Genetic Algorithm (GA), known as one of the heuristic methods, recently obtained practical solutions for the TSP. The purpose of this study is (1) to examine the performance of a few types of GA and the self-organizing map method (SOM), and (2) to present a new method to solve the TSP based on performance results. It becomes clear that SOM is a better solution than any other method examined. This result is a clue to design a new solving method for the TSP. The proposed method adopts Immune Algorithm (IA), where a various types of antibodies are supplied by SOM. Numerical experiments verify that the proposed new method obtains the best solution on the examined methods.

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This paper reports on the radical copolymerizations of 4-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)-ethynyl) styrene (1) with styrene at several compositions. The thermal properties of the copolymers with ethynyl groups are measured with thermogravimetry (TG) and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

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The direct converting reaction of methane into alkylbenzenes over the mixed catalysts of Mo/HZSM-5 and La_2O_3 has been investigated. The degree of the activity and selectivity of the catalyst was examined in relation to the kneading procedure of La and Mo/HZSM-5, physically or chemically. High formation selectivity of divinylbenzene in the reaction was realized on the catalyst as made of the simultaneous adding of La and Mo to HZSM-5 (Mo-La/HZSM-5). In the results of NH_3-TPD for measuring of catalytic acidity, La has a neutralizing effect toward the acid of HZSM-5. For TPO analysis with the used catalyst, the amount of coke of Mo-La/HZSM-5 was hardly detected. The mixing effect of La to Mo/HZSM-5, in which high selectivity of divinylbenzene and the suppressing of coking was recognized in the reaction, was originated from the basic property of La.

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The reaction of poly (succinimide) (PSI) with allylamine was carried out in order to prepare the PSI having allyl groups. In addition, allylamine-modified PSIs were polymerized with ethandithiol using 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile to give PSI gel, which could be converted into water-absorbing poly(aspartic acid) hydrogel. And then the water-absorbing ability was measured by tea-bag methods.

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The electronic structure of SrO and SnO_2 crystal surfaces has been examined by means of molecular orbital calculations. As surface model clusters, Sr(OH)_x^<(2-x)> for SrO and Sn(OH)_x^<(4-x)> were employed. A hydroxyl group of SrO clusters corresponding to a surface hydroxyl group was found to be more anionic (OH^-) as the coordination number of Sr (x) decreased, while in the case of SnO_2 such a obvious tendency was not found. Reactivity between the SrO and SnO_2 surfaces was discussed on the basis of the calculation results.

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Crystalline manganese ferrite MnFe_2O_4 has been synthesized directly from aqueous solutions of FeCl_2 and MnCl_2 at low temperatures below 60℃. We especially paid our attention to the effects of the reaction temperature and the reaction time of the MnFe_2O_4 formation. The formation of crystalline MnFe_2O_4 was obviously confirmed at 40-60℃ ; at 0-20℃, and an amorphous phase was mainly formed. The condition of the MnFe_2O_4 formation has been discussed on the basis of the experimental results.

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Parkgolf was invented in Makubetsu town, Hokkaido in 1983, and is getting popular nationwide, especially among elderly people. The primary purpose of this research is to clarify that parkgolf is an effective sport for life, particularly suitable for the aged, from the aspect of exercise intensity during the play. In order to obtain data for that purpose, a study was conducted to measure heart rates, the number of steps and the calorie expenditure of three aged (in their 60s) male players while playing parkgolf in Takasu Town on August 30, 2003. During the play, the heart rates were counted with POLAR's "heart rate monitor S61Oi", and the number of steps and the calorie expenditure were counted with SUZUKEN's "calorie counter e-style" The outcome is as follows. (1) About the characteristics of heart rate fluctuation during play The pulse rates fluctuated in the aerobic zone of 80〜112/minute, and mm/max, of the range was 18〜30/minute. The average pulse rate of the three players was 97.1/minute. That means parkgolf is a sport which brings a relatively small fluctuation of the heart rate during the play compared with volleyball and tennis, and, a 50 minute game provides an ideal aerobic exercise intensity for 60s male players. That also means parkgolf is an excellent sport for life as well as a safe and enjoyable aerobic exercise. (2) On the number of steps and calorie expenditure during the play The number of steps and calorie expenditure averaged in a one-round (18 holes) game were counted 2,374 and 58.7kcal. respectively, which is equivalent to an energy expenditure of 15 minutes walking exercise.

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Health education at five-year colleges in Japan has many constraints compared to what is usually taught at high schools and two-year colleges. The students at a national college of technology in Hokkaido, Japan, receive a comprehensive health education through lectures by invited lecturers, homeroom activities, and the special orientation meeting for incoming freshmen as well as the regular lessons. During the first semester, we focus on some of the important areas from a wide range of contents which are usually covered at high school, such as the harm of smoking and drinking, abuse of drugs, and dangers of sex. Then they learn the basics of exercise physiology in the second semester. The main theme in this semester is the necessity of moderate exercise, the prevention of lifestyle related diseases, and the way of training properly. In order to clarify what should be done to improve the lessons, a questionnaire was given to the first grade students who took the class in the second semester of 2001, and the results were examined. It turned out that the level and the contents of the lessons were suitable for them, and that the alternation of the main topic in the class owing to the last questionnaire has a good reputation among the students, and that the students developed an interest in promoting their health. Some of the reflections in the questionnaire, however, made it clear that the students were dissatisfied with the questions in the test and that they could not make the most of the knowledge acquired in the class. It can be concluded that the teaching methods and the contents of the lessons should be reviewed and improved for a healthy lifestyle of the students, first by closely investigating the living environment around the students.

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This paper is a study to clarify differences between two types of English : (1) English taught in schools with textbooks. (2) English used in various business fields. In addition, this study looks at what should be taught in schools taking into account actual business activities. Conclusions 1. The English taught in schools and the English used in business activities is the same English, but it is at a different stage of development. In schools students should learn a basic knowledge of English grammar, sentence structures and vocabulary. In business activities learners should use their knowledge for actual business communications. 2. It is not necessary in principle to change the English curriculum in schools. However, the number of hours students learn per week should be spread evenly throughout their years at school. Currently, students have no English classes in their last year. Schools should consider new environments which will boost students' motivation and improve their English ability in the future.

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"Miyazawa Kenji's grade and his friend's remarks show that he was very good at "Chinese classics" (漢文). "Analects" is a standard teaching text, and so he must have read some passages of it. In this paper, we will show some similar points between expressions in Miyazawa Kenji's works and those in "Analects". By way of a concrete example, we will compare Miyazawa Kenji's "Amenimo-makezu" with some passages about Gan-kai (顔回) in "Analects".

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