Eighteen new species of Tachinidae are described from Japan and the Indo-Australian Region: Trixella nox from Nepal; Actinochaetopteryx setifacies from Sulawesi, A. proclinata from Efate, and A. argentifera from New Guinea; Phyllomya formosana from Taiwan, P. humilis and P. japonica from Japan; Leptothelaira latistriata from Nepal; Feriola angustifrons from Taiwan; Campylocheta magnicauda from Taiwan; Elfriedella fiavipilosa from Nepal; Takanomyia frontalis, T. basalis, T. rava, T. antennalis and T. takagii from Nepal; Frontina femorata and F. tricolor from Japan. Keys to the known species of Leptothelaira, Feriola, Elfriedella and Takanomyia and to the Japanese species of Phyllomya and Frontina are provided.

Three new species of Hepialiscus Hampson are named and described; Hepialiscus robinsoni, H. taiwanus, and H. monticola. Their morphology is described and figured, and compared with H. nepalensis (Walker) and Oxycanus goldfinchi Tindale. The geographical distribution of the known oriental species of Hepialiscus and of its allied genera is shown.

Fish fossils were found in the Pleistocene Kokubu Group in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. These are identified as the extant species Sardinops melanostictus in the family Clupeidae and Engraulis japonicus in the family Engraulididae. Figures of the complete skeletons of those extant species are presented for the comparison with the fossil specimens.

A lower jaw and an isolated tooth of a squalodont, Squalodon sp. are reported as the first record of the genus fromJapan. The presence of the genus from the Ashiya Group indicates the Late Oligocene.

Hydrological features of an intermittent spring are preliminarily described. The spring is located in the Michihi-dani (valley) of which name means an ebb and flow. The phenomenon has been known from the early time of Edo Period, about 300 years ago, but the scientific approach for the spring has not been tried.

The spring issues from a limestone which is a member of the Upper Paleozoic, Kagumeyoshi Formation. A short periodicity, 17 to 40 minutes or so, of the draining is often seen with the flux of a few deciliters to 20 liters per second. When the periodicity is relatively long, the spring is nearly or completely dried up in the time of drawdown. When the periodicity is short, however, fluctuations of the draining are merely observed. The hydrograph reveals a feature of gradual increase and decrease.

The periodical flowing out sometimes stops unexpectedly for a while, probably caused by the earth tide, and a large quantity of gush abruptly begins after long interruption and changes in succession to the short periodicity of flowing out after a short time.