Trastuzumab, a therapeutic drug for patients with breast cancer, is one of the most effective and commonly used anticancer drugs for breast cancer. However, its adverse effects include cardiotoxicity, and there is a risk of developing conditions such as arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. The adverse cardiac effects associated with trastuzumab are now widely recognized, and their mechanisms are beginning to be partially understood. One of the mechanisms has been suggested to be related to the suppressive action of trastuzumab on the erythroblastic oncogene B2 receptor, which acts protectively on the myocardium. Diagnosis can be made by assessing cardiac function with echocardiography, as well as measuring serum troponin I and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels as biomarkers, and magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis may be helpful for early detection. As for therapeutic and prophylactic drugs, β-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, which are used to treat heart failure, have been shown to be effective, while recently, angiotensin receptor/neprilysin and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are expected to be effective. Furthermore, the cardioprotective effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, which are used to treat lipid disorders, have also been attracting attention. This review will summarize the mechanisms, diagnostic methods, and treatment/preventive methods of cardiotoxicity associated with antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 therapies, including trastuzumab.

In recent years, radiotheranostics, a theranostic approach utilizing radioisotopes, has been gaining significant attention, primarily in the field of oncology. The success of this technology relies on the design of probes that specifically target desired sites, making the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic agents a crucial area of research. This review provides an overview of the fundamental concepts and recent advancements in probe design for radiotheranostics, with a particular focus on pharmacokinetics and subcellular localization. Key topics discussed include: (1) multimerization, (2) introduction of the albumin-binding moiety, (3) charge modification, (4) glycosylation, (5) conjugation of cell-penetrating peptides, (6) introduction of the covalent binding moiety, (7) targeting the nucleus, and (8) utilizing drug release properties to control pharmacokinetics and intracellular localization. Through these strategies, we review the optimization and novel design possibilities for probes in radiotheranostics.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor with very poor prognosis despite recent progress in multimodal treatments. Within glioma tissue, various niche cells such as macrophages and neutrophils form a unique glioma immune microenvironment (GIME) by interacting with heterogenous cancer cells, and this has been implicated in disease progression and responsiveness to immunomodulatory therapies. This study explores novel potential prognostic markers associated with the GIME using integrated bioinformatics analyses, including single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), and spatial transcriptome (ST) datasets of clinical GBM specimens. We first identified 42 genes as being associated with poor prognosis in GBM from 5 different cohorts, GBM vs. nontumor tissue, grade IV vs. grade II gliomas, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type vs. IDH-mutant variants, mesenchymal vs. proneural and classical subtypes, and hazard ratio for overall survival. Among these, 32 genes were positively correlated with ESTIMATEScore, infiltration of various immune cell types, expression of known immune-related genes, and representative immune-associated biological signals. On scRNA-seq analysis, 7 genes were relatively concentrated in tumor-associated macrophages rather than in malignant cells. ST analysis revealed that Collagen beta(1-O)galactosyltransferase 1 (COLGALT1), Integrin subunit beta 2 (ITGB2), and Myosin light chain 12A (MYL12A) were distributed in the interface between the tumor and the peritumoral area, overlapping with the expression of representative immune-related genes. These findings support the potential of COLGALT1, ITGB2 and MYL12A as biomarkers for predicting the prognosis and immune responses of GBM, which can help in the development of potential immunotherapeutic strategies for GBM.