The castable glass ceramic, CASMIC, containing apatite [Ca₁₀ (PO₄) 6 (O, F₂)] and magnesium titanate [MgTiO₃] was focused as an aesthetic tooth-colored restorative material.The fitness between CASMIC inlays and the three different inlay cavities, Convex (CV), Semi-concave (SC), and Concave (CC), was investigated comparatively. The endurance of CASMIC inlays and cavity forms after insertion were also investigated. In the fitness test, the mean values of gaps on the bucco-lingual and mesio-distal section were obtained. In the endurance test, luted samples were repeatedly loaded to measure the number of repeated loading until fracturing.
In the fitness test, CC showed the smallest mean gap on bucco-lingual section, followed by SC and then by CV. Although a significant difference (p<0.05) was not observed, SC showed the smallest value at cavity margins, and CC and then CV followed. On mesio-distal section, SC showed the smallest value, followed by CC and CV. In the repeated-load test, CV showed a tendency to fracture, and CC tended to remove and fracture, whereas SC was neither fractured nor removed despite being deformed.
These results suggest that the SC cavity is the most suitable cavity form upon CASMIC inlay restoration.

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Numerous clinical studies have suggested that the greater risk for oral bone loss in females may be correlated with osteoporosis after menopause. Knowledge of trabecular changes in edentulous bedding bone in animals with loss of ovarian function may be beneficial in the planning and treating of dental implants in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trabeculae changes in edentulous bedding bone for dental implantation in ovariectomized rabbits. Twelve adult female Japanese white rabbits were examined. The mandibular incisors were initially extracted to simulate the edentulous bedding bone for dental implants. Six animals were bilaterally ovariectomized and the other 6 were sham-ovariectomized 12 weeks after tooth extraction. The edentulous parts of distal mandibular bodies were processed undecalcified 12 weeks after ovariectomy or sham-ovariectomy and examined by quantitative trabecular bone histomorphometry. In ovariectomized rabbits, there were significant increases in trabecular separation, osteoid volume, osteoid thickness, osteoid width, eroded surface, and mineral appositional rate, and a significant decrease in trabeculae number. The results of sparser trabecular structure, more trabecular osteoid, and increased trabecular bone turnover demonstrate bone loss of mandibular edentulous trabeculae in ovariectomized rabbits and suggest that the same loss may occur in postmenopausal women

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The patient, when first examined, was 12 years and 9 months old, female. She had a Class II malocclusion with root resorption of maxillary right lateral incisor due to maxillary right canine of transposition, and with left canine impaction.
At first, set the space maintainer on upper dentition. An attempt on the impacted maxillary left canine would be required to erupt spontaneously in the line of the arch following the extraction of the left first premolar. And extracted maxillary right lateral incisor with root resorption. After confirmed fully eruption of the canine, started to treat with multibracket system.
Reformed the maxillary right canine in consideration of aesthetics as arranged the canine to anterior teeth, and improved on the symmetrical shape. Arranged the first premolar as the canine and reformed the lingual cusp of first premolar, and avoided the interference.
As the results, evaluation of the patient's records for the 4 years following completion of active treatment revealed to acquire stable occlusion.

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This case report discusses a bilateral cleft lip and alveolus complicated with a protruding and hanging premaxilla, without secondary bone grafting and surgical repositioning of the premaxilla.
The patient was a female with a bilateral cleft lip and alveolus. The first orthodontic examination was at the age of four. The first orthodontic treatment began with observation after taking first bone grafting at the age of 10 years 2 months. For the second stage, as her skeletal relationship was not average, we planned a secondary operation. But it was not conducted because of the patient's refusal. Accordingly, we started to take a treatment by extraction and multibracket system.
The results of our treatment was summarized as follows :
1. Mandibular growth might have been influenced by the remarkable protracting and hanging of the premaxilla.
2. The remarkable protracting and hanging of the premaxilla might be able to moved by orthodontic force. And none surgical assisted orthodontic treatment succeeded premaxilla repositioning, and reasonable occlusion was obtained.
3. However, it was difficult to maintain occlusal stability and oral health management at the cleft sight.
These results suggest that early premaxilla and lateral segment correction by bone grafting and surgical repositioning of the premaxilla was important in order to obtain proper treatment results.

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The root resorption during orthodontic treatment was unavoidable, even if these appearance were different situations. Especially in the short root case, it was not seldom that the excessive root resorption was caused. The root resorption once occurred was succeeded with orthodontic force and was stopped without, and then the repairing changes by secondary cement was appeared. It was generally considered that this repairing changes of root resorption were occurred during retention period. But it was very difficult to find these long term observation reports written root resorption.
In this time, we obtained 15 years and 8 months (total : 17 years) root resorption retention observation case with short root, 9 years and 9 months of age female patient at the beginning of treatment.
The treatment results were as follows :
1. The root resorption was appeared by orthodontic force.
2. The repairing for root resorption was started by orthodontic force reduction.
3. No significant root resorption was recognized during long retention period.

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Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is one of the side effects associated with several drugs. The definitive modality for treatment of drug-induced gingival overgrowth has been still discussed. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth in 15 patients who had undergone several types of treatment was classified according to gingival type. Based on these results, the treatment of drug-induced gingival overgrowth is discussed.
Discontinuation of the drug resulted in disappearance of gingival overgrowth in 3 cases regardless of gingival type. Drug administration was continued in 12 cases. When dark red and soft gingiva (inflammatory type) was observed, the overgrowth gingiva was treated effectively by debridement. Where patients had pink and elastic gingiva (fibrous type) however, debridement produced no improvement in the condition. Patients in whom both inflammatory and fibrous gingiva (combined type) was observed, some improvement as a result of debridement was noted. Patients of either fibrous type or combined type required follow-up periodontal surgery to correct the problem completely.
Based on these results, discontinuation of drug administration should be considered. When this is not possible, treatment should be prescribed according to the enlarged gingival type.

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