Approved by the Japan's Cabinet in April 1998, the 6th term Hokkaido Comprehensive Development Plan is now facing its target year, FY2007. The Hokkaido Development Committee of the National Land Council reviewed the 6th term plan and discussed principles of a new plan, and compiled in February 2007 the final report: "Review of the 6th Term Plan and Principles of a New Plan." This article presents the essence of the final report, focusing on desired transportation policies for the future Hokkaido, which would be also helpful for Asian countries.

抄録全体を表示

The most of countries'city system has relatively small number of large cities and large number of small cities. Economy of scale can be enjoyed through cost reduction resulting form high demand within large cities. However, people of small cities would have to travel large cities to buy necessary goods and services paying travel cost. Thus, there exist a hierarchical dilemma between demand and supply within system of cities. The objective of this paper is to provide a survey on hierarchical system of cities in East Japan to understand how the consumption of urban goods/services affects the system of cities. A survey on household shopping behavior was conducted to estimate consumption rate. Limited simulations were performed and four levels of hierarchy were found. Another simulation was performed by changing consumption rate to observe the network change of system of cities. Finally, implications and directions of future research are discussed.

抄録全体を表示

The inter-industrial diffusion structure of fossil resource consumption in Japan between 1975 and 2000 is discussed dealing with 315 industrial classifications using a structural modeling. The inter-industrial connection is divided into direct and indirect relations and the energy sources such as primary energy and electric are analyzed. As a result, the energy intensive connections are specified and it is revealed that the diffusion structure of energy consumption is different by the energy class. The changes in the production technology of non-energy sector also have a significant effect into an energy saving. By focusing on the factors that contributed to energy saving, the industry that technology transfer is effective for overseas energy saving was specified

抄録全体を表示

In local cities, it is important to improve bus service level in order to keep the number of passengers while maintaining the number of bus routes since there is no other public transportation system operated except bus. Our research focuses on the punctuality, which is one of the important factors to improve bus service. Improvement of the punctuality does not provide benefits only to bus users but also to bus operator. For example, improving of the bus service level will increases number of passengers and decreases the expense to bus operator because of cutting the waiting time at terminals. Our survey was conducted in Nagaoka city, Niigata to study the behavior of passengers coming to bus stops and the operation costs of bus operator. In addition, we estimate the benefits on both bus passengers and bus operator when the punctuality of bus service has been improved.

抄録全体を表示

The effectiveness and efficiency of busway corridor Sudirman-Thamrin have been questioned, especially its traffic and related environmental impacts. By occupying one dedicated lane, it has worsened the traffic performance at some road segments in the periphery at network level. Government has intention to increase the road capacity through the cutting of some road separator. To justify such capacity gains, study is made to consider merits and demerits regarding the traffic impact and its environmental consequences such as fuel consumption, and CO or NO emissions. Although it is a corridor level implementation, study uses a network level assignment to estimate the changes of traffic flows, and it relates the changes with some emission issues for environmental aspects. Results have shown that some improvements of traffic measures could be achieved with its emission reduction. It is also noticed that little achievements is hard to gain when corridors are at saturated level.

抄録全体を表示

The journey time of intercity trains is usually more than hours. The train dispatched at its departure station may not be able to serve the passengers during the same hour at downstream stations. In addition, intercity trains usually consist of various stopping patterns. Consequently, typical method for determining train service plans based on maximum passenger load and train capacity is inapplicable for such systems. For these reasons, this paper develops a mathematical model for generating optimal train service plans for intercity railways, taking into account the dynamics of train movements and the transfer of unserved passengers. This model combines operator's revenue, operating cost, and users' travel-time cost as its objective. The operational requirements are formulated as the constraints. The Taiwan High Speed Rail is taken as an example to test the model. The case study shows that the model is very efficient and is very flexible for different operation strategies.

抄録全体を表示

Promotion of bicycle use is one of the important policies for environment friendly urban transport. Improvement of cycling Level-Of-Service (LOS) on streets is considered to be an important part of this policy. The aim of this study is to develop a measuring system for the evaluation of level-of-service for bicycles by monitoring cycling behavior using Probe Bicycle System. The Probe Bicycle developed in this study can automatically measure and record position, 3-axis acceleration, speed, and pedaling power by electric sensor and GPS. By employing experiments of measuring perception of cyclists behaviors and their perception towards the conditions on various streets, the relationship between perception and behavior is analyzed. As a result, the author developed the level-of-service index using level of vertical vibration, average speed, variance of speed and average of pedaling power.

抄録全体を表示

In order to understand the operational characteristics of the Jakarta bus rapid transit (BRT) services, an observation was made on line 1 between Blok M and Kota. Three observation points were selected on Blok M terminal, Bank Indonesia stop and Kota terminal. Sufficient surveyors were assigned at each point to record the time of arrival/ departure of the bus and the number of passengers boarding and alighting. Headways, boarding/ alighting rates and travel speeds were calculated from the obtained data. The results confirm that no control on planned headways and boarding/ alighting times has been made due to lack of fixed time table of the bus service.

抄録全体を表示

Modelling of the demand for bus feeder services among users, following rail incident detection is the central core of this paper. Mode choices have been identified to be significantly influenced by information provision. The need for integrated information was necessitated in public transport trips, where users were to transfer between at least two transport modes. The paper highlights the preliminary results of the impacts of public transport information provision on travellers decision making processes. Utilising a case study of suburban commuter rail services in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; a logit model is being developed and validated. It attempts at explaining the nature and extent of the influences of information provided on-board vehicles on users travel behaviours, during rail services disruptions. It aims at facilitating the planning and implementation of feeder services which can be applied to public transport operations in developing nations.

抄録全体を表示

This study empirically analyzed the effects of built environment on active transportation. Twelve latent variables and twenty-seven observed variables were considered in a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. One hundred and forty-seven adults residing in the Xinyi District of Taipei City were enrolled in the study. Calibration results revealed that mixed-use urban areas associated positively with daily life activity but associated negatively with commuting activity. Transit accessibility negatively affected commuting activity, which is contrary to the relationship between accessibility and usage of transit systems observed in previous studies. Further, the neighborhood environmental quality and footways associated positively with daily life activity. The empirical evidence indicates that physical activity in urban areas can be encouraged by land use patterns, transportation services and landscape design.

抄録全体を表示

Some pedestrian bridges have been built in Hochiminh city in recent years for solving many problems such as decreasing the number of motorcycles, making more safe conditions for pedestrian. But the situation is not improved as so much as the city's government wants. At the base of researching and analyzing of the transportation network situation, the real state of the stream of people, the land using, the development of the public transportation as bus and metro system, the urban planning, the tarrain conditions, the historical and social-cultural characteristics, the master plan for transportation of Hochiminh city to the year 2020. The research group want to propose some ideas about urban planning of the pedestrian bridges in the city. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyze the strong and weak points relating to the built pedestrian bridges. Beside that, the proposal locations for some pedestrian bridges will be introduced in this paper too.

抄録全体を表示

ITS is not free of cost. It often requires initial capital investment plus further maintenance and operation cost. From the aspect of business sustainability, this paper reviews the financial feasibility and revenue from investing a taxi fleet with GPS-based dispatching service which is an ITS deployment for CVO. Financial and operation data from current practicing operators are collected and a consumer survey is conducted to unveil both the supply and demand condition. After different scenarios of financial options analyzed, it reveals that a subsidy from government to share the initial capital investment will provide a better chance to sustain such a kind of ITS deployment. In addition, a fleet with at least 400 taxis also renders a better opportunity to have an early break even time and help both operator and taxi drivers to sooner recover their investment.

抄録全体を表示

Paratransit is used extensively in almost all cities in Indonesia, as well as in many developing cities. The aim of this research is to explore user perceptions of paratransit operation, regarding quality of service, frequency of negative experience, and loyalty using multigroup analysis in SEM (structural equation modeling). As the previous studies by the authors found that the user of paratransit is dominated by the student, then this article intends to elaborate whether the student and non-student group have the same regression weights in the path analysis. The findings illustrate that the regression weights do not differ significantly between student and non-student, which eliminates the doubt of the bias resulted by the domination of one group among other groups. However, the other important finding from this model is the positive relationship between overall satisfaction and loyalty to use this mode in the future.

抄録全体を表示

Developing countries are nowadays considering exclusive or semi-exclusive transit system implementation as a solution. Such systems need to be attractive to car-owners and affordable to captive users. Therefore, surveying becomes essential to grasp preference from all segments of potential users. However, in developing countries, their response from questionnaire surveying using hypothetical questions is less reliable because the users use not to have much knowledge about new systems and trading-off in hypothetical questions. This study aims to propose a systematic approach for questionnaire design in the contest of developing countries. Two different surveys with hypothesis system (BRT for Colombo) were conducted for comparing: System explanation ways (Media) of with/without pictures; and, Level of complexity in hypothetical questions. This study concludes that, in developing countries, questionnaires need to be attentive in questionnaires design.

抄録全体を表示

This is an original study investigating the obstacles of cycling to school among students in Taiwan, as well as the students ability to overcome them. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the students information, a descriptive analysis was applied to examine the students characteristics, and the Rasch model was applied to analyze the findings. This research discovers that uneven paving, raining day, and impolite drivers are the most difficult items for students cycling to school. This research also realizes that boys, first grade junior high school students, and those who own bicycles in the family and live in a rural area have greater cycling abilities than the others. The overall goal of this research is to suggest a reasonable policy for improving the cycling safety. This research results provide a set of valuable information for the government to look at the issues and to expand the usage of bicycles.

抄録全体を表示

It these years, the number of children in Japan is decreasing year by year. Therefore, it is important to make a better environment for children. In this paper, interests of children to the sidewalk are analyzed by the photo data taken by the children. It is found that children have favorable impression to the objects that related to their daily life. And also, separating the roadway and pedestrian road, such as restriction of vehicles, planting along the pedestrian road and wider pedestrian road width, is favorable to the children.

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, a bi-level programming model for the bus frequencies design in a given network is presented, which is aiming to determine the optimal bus frequencies in order to minimize the total cost of the bus company and the passengers by accounting for the route choice behaviors of the users. In the model, the upper-level optimizes the bus frequencies with the result of passenger assignment. The objective of the lower-level is to assign transit trips to the network based on travel strategy and the optimal frequencies. An iterative approach, which consists of a label-marking method and a new heuristic algorithm-shuffled complex evolution method (SCE-UA), is adopted to solve the lower model and the upper model, respectively. Finally the model and the algorithms are illustrated with the bus network in the city of Dalian in China and some conclusions are drawn.

抄録全体を表示

Recently, excessive automobile dependence in local cities in Japan exemplifies the importance to compare the convenience between automobile and public transit. The purpose of this study is to develop a model that takes time of day into consideration in such a way to express bus travel time as a function of departure time. By using this concept, the regions where bus transit is equally competitive with automobile transportation were found based on the travel time standpoint. Moreover, comparing poorly-served area identified using the above model and public transport modal split, we would like to visualize the fluctuation of bus transit service area using GIS, and examine the relationship between bus transit service area and modal choice. In addition, the adaptability of this concept and model is discussed.

抄録全体を表示

In many cities, rail transit services are not financially sustainable without subsidy. The situation in Hong Kong is different. It is believed that the high population density provides a suitable environment for the rail transit system to be financially sustainable. In this study, a preliminary analysis on the demand and supply of the rail transit service was undertaken to shed light on the threshold density below which the rail service cannot be sustainable without subsidy, considering its operations in the presence of the competing modes? fares and services. We investigated to the Mass Transit Rail (MTR) line in the new town Tseung Kwan O (TKO) in Hong Kong as a case study.

抄録全体を表示

Since the 1990s, humanity-oriented transport have been the notice in the field of spatial planning. Based on the concept of designing humanity-oriented major arterial roads in the Taipei metropolitan area, this paper selected Zong-Xiao East Road and Roosevelt Road as the survey area and established an evaluation framework, including four dimensions: traffic smoothness, pedestrian friendliness, comfort of landscape, and space complexity, to assess transforming schemes and facilitate decision-making process. By conducting fuzzy-MCDM approach and fuzzy-AHP method, this paper was able to integrate opinions of experts with different expertise into the evaluation framework and further determine the optimal transforming scheme. The evaluation result showed that the two optimal schemes both assign the maximum of adjusted roads to pedestrian space, transform the vehicle-oriented arterial roads into a pedestrian-friendly place, focus on greening the streetscape, and encourage mixed land use.

抄録全体を表示

This study investigates the effects of Transit Information Systems (TIS). TIS are wide range of systems that provide travelers information about travel options. In this study, the important transit information types and their service levels are investigated in Izmir City, Turkey. The study focused on the transit users; considered information types for different transit mode segments were identified. In addition, accepted information types for non-transit users to consider transit as an alternative commute mode was investigated. For these purposes, a stated preference scenario was prepared which included the considered important information types of respondents and a function of their actual travel time. In this study, static pre-transit information systems were considered. Results indicated that considered TIS between transit and non-transit users are not much different from each other. However, considered TIS among different transit mode segments is significantly different.

抄録全体を表示

This paper deals with the problems of pedestrian origin-destination (O-D) matrix estimation and activity/destination choice model calibration from pedestrian counts. This paper proposes a bi-level programming model that integrates the two steps of pedestrian O-D demand matrix updating and pedestrian activity/destination choice model calibration. The lower-level problem is the activity-based user equilibrium assignment model for pedestrian networks with bi-directional flow effects, while the upper-level problem is to estimate the O-D demands together with the calibration of the activity and destination choice model from pedestrian counts. Solution algorithm is adapted for solving the proposed bi-level programming problem. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the applications of the proposed model and solution algorithm.

抄録全体を表示

CO2 emission has increased in Japan in recent years. The transportation sector is one of the sectors which contributes to increased emission of CO2. Amount of CO2 emission by automobile traffic occupies a very large percentage of emission in this sector, and we have to make policies in order to reduce the amount of emission. In this study, Tokushima urban area is selected as a study area. After understanding characteristics of road traffic in this area by simulation analysis, road transport policies are proposed in consideration of characteristics that contribute to prevention of global warming. Reduction of CO2 emission and economic value of this policy are calculated quantitatively. As a result, it is proved that implementation of the policy which is packaged and reflected the characteristic of traffic is effective in reduction of CO2 emission.

抄録全体を表示

This paper aims at building up an optimal transit scheduling method for the passenger transfer between different transit systems. To optimize the performance of transfer in total travel time, the ant algorithm to develop a scheduling model is applied. In order to increase service area and improve accessibility of a certain transit system, arranging a suitable transfer timing with other transportation system is important. Indeed, transfer scheduling is the core issue of transit integration. In order to reduce total travel time, minimizing the waiting time during transfer is the objective in the functional target. It is to minimize the time offset of the arrivals of different transits. In this paper, the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is utilized to find the optimal timed-transfer schedule between two transits.

抄録全体を表示

The study provides an efficient procedure for the evaluation of level of service (LOS) on pedestrian environment. Since LOS measure for pedestrian facilities is not well considered until now. Moreover, the safety and comfortable factors of pedestrian facilities are important for the original pedestrian facilities designing, but fewer researches had concerned. We used the general variables on pedestrian walking environment and step-wise to set up the model. First of all, we collect the reliable data about pedestrian walking environment, included lateral clearance, traffic characteristic and pedestrian characteristic of 263 streets in Taipei city. Secondly, we provided an efficient method to understand how a particular street accommodates pedestrian travel well, a fuzzy procedure of combining comfortable index and safety index were processed on pedestrian walking environment.

抄録全体を表示

As the development of skyway systems has recently become a notice in Taiwan, this paper selects the skyway system in the Shin-Yi Planning District, Taipei City as the subject of the research and conducts on-site observations and the questionnaire survey. The survey result shows that the majority of the respondents are content with the skyway system as a whole. However, several issues such as the directional signage, the protection from the elements, the connection with public transit, facilities for the disabled, and the pedestrian space require more discussions in the subsequent skyway development. To build a sustainable skyway system, planners should pay much attention to the three critical strategies-integrating with the public transit system, providing a pedestrian-friendly environment, and enhancing the urban image and landscapes-in their skyway plans.

抄録全体を表示

In the Hanshinkan area, which is located between Osaka and Kobe in Japan, various cultural heritage sites remain and many museums also exist. However these museums confront financial problems and have poor accessibility by public transport. In this paper, we propose a community based museum bus service to link museums in order to heighten the accessibility to each museum and support local culture, and to conduct a bus experiment for one day only. We did questionnaire surveys of bus passengers, visitors to museums and neighborhood residents. Following the results, the characteristics of bus demand, the induced demand to museums, bus profitability, and remaining problems for regular bus service were examined.

抄録全体を表示

The technological advancements made within the Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) field have further propelled it forward to become a practical and viable solution to rural transport needs, reducing social exclusion and providing vital links to major public transport provisions. This paper investigates the specific link between DRT and its ability and appropriateness in catering to the employment needs of those living in rural areas; in an effort to determine whether or not the needs, issues and improved accessibility surrounding employment access are met through DRT or if special attention is needed to this particular topic of social exclusion. Results from this study shown that DRT can offer substantial benefits; however, sufficient sustainable demand and financing of ventures are key requirements to maintain its longevity. Without such, projects are at risk of failure and as a result eroding the benefits obtained by the community it serves.

抄録全体を表示

Walking is the most basic transport mode, therefore it has universal importance in each period of human history. But it becomes more important now, because we have to create a sustainable society, decreasing the environmental load, and creating seamless transport systems. Pedestrian traffic behaviour or awareness and attitude toward walking have effects on the life style in the area, and moreover the philosophy of the people in the area. On the other hand, this way of thinking has an effect on pedestrian behavior. Therefore, pedestrian behavior can be studied from cultural characteristics. This study analyzes the awareness and attitude toward walking in Japanese cities, and addition to this, the supplementary survey was conducted in Taiwanese cities. The findings suggest that it is meaningful to make comparatively study on pedestrian travel culture in variety of Asian cities.

抄録全体を表示

The biggest city of Vietnam is Hochiminh city. Estimated population for the 2020 years will be 10 millions in Hochiminh City. Nowadays, problems in urban transportation are congestion in the peak hours, smoke and air pollutants, traffic accident... In the next years, the public transport is expected to play a bigger role in meeting intra-city travel of the people. It is targeted to ensure urban environment and to build a civilized and modern city. The estimated development of bus system can meet only one part of the future travel demands. It is necessary to develop Metro lines in Hochiminh city. There some studies in this field.

抄録全体を表示

An important strategy to improve rail transit ridership is to improve station accessibility conditions. The objectives of this research are twofold: to understand patterns of access trips to transit stations and to determine the factors affecting propensity to walk to stations in Bangkok. The results show that most popular access modes are bus, motorcycle taxi, and walking. Within transit catchment area, Bangkok's share of walking is less than those in other major cities, due to competition from motorcycle taxis. Estimation results of choice model show that distance to station is the most critical factor affecting propensity to walk, and that station-specific characteristics have significant impacts.

抄録全体を表示

Since bicycle traffic is not sufficiently considered in road planning processes, at present, the road space for bicycle traffic is not serviced sufficiently on many roads. It is necessary to develop evaluation indices of the dangers of bicycle traffic, in order to determine the appropriate road space required for bicycle traffic responding to road and traffic conditions. In the present study, the traffic conflict phenomenon of bicycle traffic is analyzed. Space occupancy indices are applied to the analysis. Throughout the analysis, the applicability of the traffic conflict indices to the phenomenon of bicycle traffic is examined.

抄録全体を表示

Motorcycle taxi plays an important role as one of public transportation modes in Bangkok. However, in the past, the motorcycle taxi service has been operated under unregulated condition that causes various problems to motorcycle taxi drivers and users. In 2005, the Thai government has imposed the regulations upon motorcycle taxi service that included motorcycle taxi drivers? registration and fare rate. This makes Thailand becoming the first country in the world that regulates motorcycle taxi service. This study examines the motorcycle taxi drivers and service conditions before and after having imposed the regulations. The results reveal that the motorcycle taxi drivers? behavior and its service system have been changed obviously after the imposition. Also, this study proposes the equation that could represent the system of motorcycle taxi service which could be applied for future planning condition perspective.

抄録全体を表示

The Taiwan high speed rail (HSR) system is anticipated to begin operation in 2007. As expected, when the HSR joins the intercity transport market, the conventional rail (CR) in Taiwan will receive severe competition from HSR, particularly for medium- and long-distance trips. The objective of this paper is to develop an intercity mode choice model that can be used to evaluate the impact of changes in CR services in response to the new HSR. Stated preference techniques and discrete choice models were employed to identify important variables influencing intercity passenger choice of the HSR, CR and other intercity modes. The empirical results indicate that travelers are more sensitive to the changes in travel cost than in travel time. The potential market for CR in the medium- and long-distance ranges is non-business travel. A declining distance-based fare structure is particularly useful to attract non-business travelers.

抄録全体を表示

As a railway station is main traffic facility, it affects regional economy and urban activity variously. This fact tends to change more synthetically and then it needs to be reflected in construction and movement of railway station. This study proposes to select the inside and outside of the Korean representative railway station and analyze railway station's influences in regional economy quantitatively and qualitatively on user side in order to make a decision about construction and movement of future railway station. For these reasons, it is considered that development of railway station impact area, complex railway station, and synthetic transferring center is examined for deriving desirable use way. Also, the possibility to downtown of railway station needs to be considered through link with urban plans.

抄録全体を表示

Recently, the market for location-based services(LBS) has been rapidly expanding. As an LBS value-added service, a concierge service provides users with a minimum total cost route using multiple modes. One of the core features in a concierge service is a travel time forecast which undoubtedly affects decisions by users as to the selection of modes, routes and time of travel. Multimodal travel time forecasts thus become an essential part of providing LBS. Many researchers have endeavored to develop reliable travel time forecasting models. Most of these studies, however, have shown general forecasting performances without carefully evaluating performances of models with actual time data. The purpose of this paper is to implement a transit travel time forecasting model and evaluate the performance. The nonparametric regression model, developed in an earlier study has been implemented and evaluated using real-time transit data.

抄録全体を表示

A conceptual multi-agent model is presented that aims at supporting planners in their decision-making regarding the regeneration of Central Business Districts (CBD). The model focuses on the interaction between the environment consisting of facilities and the decisions of pedestrians regarding their activities and movements within that environment. As a preparatory step for the implementation of the model, the paper includes an explorative case study to reveal particular aspects of the interaction between pedestrians and facilities. Besides an analysis of the stops that people make at facilities during their trips, also the functional linkages occurring between stops are investigated, both in relation to whether or not they are planned and whether or not goods or services are purchased. Finally, these results are discussed in relation to the requirements of the multi-agent model.

抄録全体を表示

Indonesia railway policy reform has been initiated since 1991, where several stages of improvement took place. However train services decline, length of track in operation decline too, the sector does not function as expected by the Law number 13 / 1992 on Railway. There has been a slowdown in the policy implementations especially since the Asian financial crisis in 1997 hit the country. Some key elements of the government policy reform halted and and PT Kereta Api (Persero) as the sole state-owned railway corporation failed in implementing the corporate restructuring agenda. Under the new Law Number 23 / 2007 on Railway it is expected that this matter will be resolved. The new law also underlines the importance of inviting private sector participation in developing railway industry in the country. This paper reports the recent institutional development of Indonesia railway. Brief history of railway restructuring together with the underlying problems are reported. As the practice of multi-operators is envisaged in the future, the necessary changes in the institutional setting of Indonesia railway are also discussed.

抄録全体を表示

This study discusses seamlessly integrating multiple modes of transportation networks and calculating the User Preferable K-Shortest paths in the network between origin and destination with a new algorithm based on improved Link Penalty. A projection method has been used to connect different networks. Three aspects of users' preferences have been evaluated to set the rate of link penalties in each step that k-shortest paths will be generated. Link similarities are considered respectively in different mode and Partial Overlap has been introduced to be a criterion for iteration. Users can set their constraints and will get very precise and efficient travel information through GIS. Due to the simplification of the topological structure and flexibility of the k-shortest path algorithm, it's very easy for developers to update their existing traveler information system.

抄録全体を表示

It is necessary to expect the behavior of pedestrians, to provide the comfortable walking environment. The pedestrian behavior is difficult to describe with a numerical formula, because psychological influence is large. The paper constructs the simulation model of the pedestrian by Using Cellular Automata. Although such a simulation model exists, the aim of this paper is construct pedestrian behavior of group composed of three or more pedestrians.

抄録全体を表示

The paper discusses the current the street space and design within Asia.

抄録全体を表示

At current situation, BRT system in Jakarta utilizes a flat fare system. The objective of this study is to observe and analyze the effect of distance based fare system on ridership and passenger average travelled distance through model simulation. A model, based on four step planning, from previous studies has been adopted for simulation. Simulation is conducted to predict the total ridership and travelled distance, which then converted to average travelled distance based on different fare setting and BRT network. Analysis shows that the application of distance based fare increase ridership and shift the domination of passenger average travelled distance from relatively long trip to short trip. From the analysis has been found that different fare setting and number of corridor affect the ridership significantly, but in contrary does not affect the average travelled distance.

抄録全体を表示

As elsewhere, in Pakistan too, the rapid urbanization, motorization and spatial expansion led to a sharp increase in demand for urban transport facilities and services. Cities in Pakistan are still without mass rapid transit. The existing informal urban public transport system is unable to meet the increasing travel demand. Absence of urban mass rapid transit system has caused acute increase of cars and motorcycles in Pakistan. To meet increasing travel demand and to fight against severe traffic congestion, large cities like Karachi and Lahore have come up with modern rail based rapid transit options in their cities, while other major cities have not yet considered about it. This paper intends to evaluate existing rail based rapid transit projects of Karachi and Lahore with Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) technology to suggest an urban mass rapid transit technology that is financially feasible and affordable for low income developing countries like Pakistan.

抄録全体を表示

This report presents a history of the bus business in Japan and summarizes the current status and issues facing the route bus industry in Japan, which is poised at a major turning point due to deregulation, and attempts a scientific approach as a method to solve these issues. Diagram (timetable) rationalization is discussed utilizing the tools of marketing and quality control as well as operation data. A novel approach for collecting operational data using GPS and onboard sensors is introduced. Two route bus case studies, Kawagoe City and Hidaka City, are presented whereby the effectiveness of our method of diagram rationalization is verified. With this method, income and expenditure can be improved while simultaneously improving the level of service and safety in existing bus businesses, with the ultimate goal of realizing a new bus business model to meet the needs of today and tomorrow.

抄録全体を表示

Indonesian government and the railway sector have long been striving for the development of railways. Since 1960s Japan has long been cooperating and engaged in planning, engineering, advising and training of Indonesian Railways. Jakarta has a population of nearly 8.7 million inhabitants in an area of 661 km2. Jabodetabek area has a total population approaching 21.0 million in an area of 6,580 km2. The former railway master plan of Jabotabek area was established in 1981 aiming railway should take a big role in urban traffic. However, the motorization overwhelmed the poor urban rail and the railway transportation share stayed only 3% of all motorized traffic in the area. The New Railway Master Plan was proposed for the first time after twenty five years. The target year is 2020 and the railway share will be beyond 10% with all the efforts including the total promotion of public transportation use not only with the railway improvement itself.

抄録全体を表示

At present, in the city of Hidaka, Saitama Prefecture, Japan, there is a plan to provide a new scheme of bus service. Thus, this article has an aim to explore the community desires regarding the bus service in the city of Hidaka. This study employed questionnaire survey, which was distributed to commuter and non-commuter group of resident in three different residence areas. This survey collected community desires and perceptions regarding bus service, while this article reports only the findings from commuter. It is found that there is a potential for the provision of bus service in this area, whilst the main problem is the unsynchronized time table between bus and rail service, including the length of bus operation time. Moreover, the binary logistic model explains the potential demand of the new bus service. It can be concluded that this study provides potential notion for bus service improvement.

抄録全体を表示

As part of the Urban Public Transport Policy Framework (UPTPF), the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT) has conducted studies in several major regional ASEAN cities to recommend practical solutions and frameworks for moving forward to create sustainable and comprehensive public transport policies. In 2003, Chiang Mai, Thailand was chosen as the first target city of this framework and the second city was Batam, Indonesia in 2004. MLIT also undertook a study in Siem Reap, Cambodia in 2006. The studies aimed to develop well-organized and sustainable urban public bus services in the cities where 1) a majority of public transport was operated as paratransit, 2) formal public transport was relatively poor, or 3) urban public transport did not exist. This paper briefly summarizes the studies conducted over the past few years in the selected cities and, from the study results, outlines a number of lessons learned.

抄録全体を表示

Indian cities are characterized by diversity and heterogeneity in socio economic conditions. Often 10%-50% of the population live in slums. The slum population seems to grow as the city size increases. The growth of the formal sector is accompanied by the growth of the informal sector. The travel demand of people who have limited choices because of their socio-economic characteristics presents another dimension of complexity in the system. In a hostile physical environment people continue to walk and use bicycles in most Indian cities. Rickshaws and other forms of paratransit exist in many cities defying all regulatory measures. An understanding of the individual demand versus the system characteristics is necessary for achieving a socially optimal modal mix for a city.

抄録全体を表示

A new legal scheme was established in 2005 for development of urban railways that aims to enhance passengers convenience by improving existing railway facilities. The scheme adopts separation of infrastructure and operations. The first project under the new scheme to reduce travel time, development of a short connection line between two existing lines, has just been started. It is hoped that the connection line will bring reduction in the travel time, alleviation of the congestion of the existing railway lines and improvement in access to the Shinkansen.

抄録全体を表示

This paper described a first step of transportation sector policy research and advocacy efforts by PELANGI on UNEP-GEF Project with title Bus Rapid Transit and Pedestrian Improvement in Jakarta. The objective of this study is to foster a more sustainable transportation sector by increasingly utilizes non motorized transportation modes as an integrate part of the transportation system. This initiative aims to decrease air pollution, pays careful attention to the affected communities, and to create locally transportation option especially for the urban poor. Therefore, data was collected through in depth interview and focus group discussion to member of Bike to Work community in Jakarta. Result of the analysis shows that by utilized bicycle it can save their transportation cost, in term of money and travel time, respectively 90%, 60% and 50% reduction compare with private car, motorbike and combination of private vehicle and bus/BRT.

抄録全体を表示