Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies
Online ISSN : 1881-1124
ISSN-L : 1341-8521
Volume 9
Displaying 51-100 of 156 articles from this issue
Logistics and Freight Transportation
  • Kun-Chih WU, Ching-Jung TING, Wei-Chun LAN
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 702-712
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The traveling salesman problem with time windows (TSPTW) is a variety of the traveling salesman problem. In practice, temporal aspect is a necessary constraint with respect to the routing problems. TSPTW is a NP-hard problem, and computational time of exact algorithm increases exponentially as the number of customers increases. Hence, we present a beam search (BS) algorithm which is a heuristic based on breadth-first branch-and-bound without backtracking to solve the TSPTW. BS filters out worse nodes by a local evaluation and only keeps β (called beam width) nodes according to global evaluation at each level. In our BS, both one-step local evaluation and global evaluation are applied to estimate cost of nodes by inserting unvisited nodes of a given initial solution. The computational results on test instances from the literature show that our beam search can obtain good solutions with effective computational times for TSPTW.
    Download PDF (173K)
Regional Planning and Environment
  • Yanhong YIN, Shoshi MIZOKAMI
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 713-723
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We present a microeconomic based quantitative analysis scheme to evaluate compactness of cities by the energy consumption efficiency considering 1) the utility theory based on personal consumption behaviors, and 2) a consistency between the level of utility and energy consumption. By representing quality of life by utility, this study develops a CES typed model to estimate the actual and minimum individual energy consumption for present utility. Energy consumption efficiency index is introduced to analyze the compact level of cities. We applied this model to the Kumamoto and Nagasaki region. Higher energy consumption efficiency is found in Nagasaki which has more compact city structure and masstransit usage. Zones with higher energy consumption efficiency are mainly located in city center and along mass-transit lines in both regions. Such findings suggest that more compact urban structure and higher mass-transit usage can induce greater urban energy consumption efficiency.
    Download PDF (400K)
  • Biying YU, Junyi ZHANG, Akimasa FUJIWARA
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 724-739
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to understand the energy consumption patterns of different cities with varied economic development level in Asia, as well as examine the effects of car ownership and self-selection on household energy consumption behavior, four representative megacities, Tokyo, Beijing, Jakarta, and Dhaka were selected and a questionnaire survey about household energy consumption covering more than 1,000 households was conducted at each city in 2009. Based on the survey data, Heckman’s latent index model is further built for each city by separating the effect of the car ownership itself and the effect of self-selection. The results showed that, on average, the effect of car ownership itself on the increase of household energy consumption accounts for 90.13% in Tokyo, 86.59% in Beijing, 78.31% in Jakarta, and 69.07% in Dhaka. While the effect of self-selection accounts for 9.87% in Tokyo, 13.41% in Beijing, 21.69% in Jakarta, and 30.93% in Dhaka.
    Download PDF (354K)
  • Kirti Bhandari, Anuradha Shukla, S. Gangopadhyay
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 740-755
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A variety of materials are used in the construction of roads. Materials like sand, gravel, asphalt, bituminous and crushed stone are used widely. In India, Guidelines for the design of Flexible Pavements, published by Indian Roads Congress (IRC 2001) are followed. Flexible pavements are considered to include the pavements which have bituminous surfacing and granular base and sub base courses conforming to IRC Standards. Carbon footprint is a measure of the effect of human activities on the environment, and in particular on climate change. Here it has been used as an indicator to study the impact of the construction material used in the building, maintenance and repair of the highway. The objective of this paper is the calculation of the carbon footprint of a stretch of NH-228 in Gujarat state in India. This tool can even help to choose the construction materials which will be have lesser impact on the environment.
    Download PDF (327K)
  • Tao FENG, Theo A. ARENTZE, Harry J.P. TIMMERMANS
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 756-771
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper presents an instantaneous analysis for traffic emissions using GPS-based vehicle activity data. The different driving conditions, including real-time and average speed, short-time stops and long-time stops, acceleration and deceleration, etc., are extracted from GPS data. The hot emission, cold-start emission and idling emission, varied by nitrogen compounds and particulate matter are calculated, respectively, in terms of the driving condition and vehicle characteristics. Results simulated based on a one-day trip activity dataset show that trucks spend most kilometers on national roads, followed by municipal and provincial roads. The number of short-time stops is significantly higher than long-time stops, and the time spent for long-time stops is higher than short-time duration. The hot emission accounts for the largest proportion of emissions, and the idling emission also contribute substantially. Results of sensitivity analyses indicate that pollutions in urban area from freight transport can be significantly decreased by increasing the vehicle classes and guiding the heavy trucks out of the region.
    Download PDF (205K)
  • Nguyen Cao Y, Kazushi SANO, Wisinee WISETJINDAWAT, Tran Vu Tu
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 772-783
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper describes a model of logistic firm location choice decision which includes two levels such as the regional choice and zone choice process. In which, the main contributions of this study are an analyzing the influence of regional accessibility and zonal accessibility on the logistic firm location choice decision by using the discrete choice model. The results indicate that the distance to the nearest station keeps a key role in the location choice decision of miscellaneous light manufacturers. In addition, the distance to the nearest IC highway is also very important factor for these manufactures and product wholesalers. These accessibility variables, however, are less important for the retailers. Finally, the spatial effects strongly affect the zone choice decision-making process of all firms.
    Download PDF (116K)
  • Sumarni Hamid ALY, Mary SELINTUNG, Muhammad Isran RAMLI, Tomonori SUMI
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 784-795
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This research attempts to evaluate emission measurement of on road vehicle. In this regard, the research develops failure probability model of vehicle emission test for passenger car which utilize binomial logit model. The model focuses on failure of CO and HC emission test for gasoline cars category and Opacity emission test for diesel-fuel cars category as dependent variables, while vehicle age, engine size, brand and type of the cars as independent variables. In order to implement the model, a survey to measure the vehicle emission was done to the two categories of passenger cars on road. Other information related to the characteristics of the cars sampling was collected in the survey. The survey was done at two main roads in Makassar City, one of the large cities in Indonesia. According to calculation result, the model gave good appearance. In further, the results showed that vehicle age became significant variable to determine the failure probability of vehicle emission test for CO and HC emission of gasoline cars category. As well as, engine size gave significant contribution to the failure of Opacity emission test for diesel-fuel cars category. The model provides good expectation to be tested in others cases and to develop failure model of vehicle emission test on macro scale in further studies.
    Download PDF (404K)
  • Lingling WU, Junyi ZHANG, Akimasa FUJIWARA
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 796-809
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study applies a multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model to analyze tourist’s time use behavior involving multiple activities. The MDCEV model is applied because it has several advantages over other existing time use models, including the joint representation of participation in multiple activities and the allocated time, diminishing marginal utilities (satiation effects), and different baseline utilities. Application analysis is carried out using a data collected from tourists in Japan. Influential factors related to time use in 7 activity categories are explored. Concretely speaking, individual attributes including age, employment status, residential area, travel experience, and trip-related attributes including travel mode, travel party, travel season are found to be important influential factors. It is also observed that the level of satiation is high for shopping activities and low for sport and hot spring activities.
    Download PDF (242K)
  • Matthew BURKE, Teibei LI
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 810-825
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Australia’s office employment is centralized in its major cities. Government decentralization policies in Perth and Brisbane seek to move 20 per cent of each city’s state public servants out of their central business districts within ten years. A modeling framework is developed to appraise the likely transit system impacts in Brisbane. Two idealized, hypothetical scenarios are advanced to compare city futures in 2031. One scenario mostly moves workers to middle-suburbia on Brisbane’s busways. The other mostly moves jobs to outer-suburban commuter rail nodes. These scenarios are both compared to a base case of continued employment centralization. The results suggest both decentralized models provide contra-flow benefits, improved fare-box recovery, and reduced on-board congestion. But decentralization to outer-suburban rail nodes offers disadvantages by raising total car travel. The implications for planning include the need for strong land use policy to direct decentralization strictly to activity centers to achieve benefits for transit systems.
    Download PDF (541K)
  • Yasuhisa SUGANUMA, Naohiko HIBINO, Shigeru MORICHI
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 826-841
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In Japan, tourism is becoming an important industry due to the aging society and the government is implementing policies to promote Japan as a tourism nation. However, few studies on quantitative data analysis have been conducted on nationwide tourism activities. This study examines past trends on domestic tourism in Japan. The authors investigate trends on domestic tourism and examine primary factors influencing number of overnight stays through a time-series analysis on individual data from tourism statistics. The analysis produces valuable results offering useful insights for tourism policies.
    Download PDF (787K)
  • Yusuke KANDA, Nobuhiko MATSUMURA, Akimasa FUJIWARA, Nobu TSUCHIZAKI
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 842-857
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobility management (MM) measure utilizing a circulation system of “Green-community voucher” (i.e. a community currency) on encouraging the citizen to shift to public transport. Green-community voucher circulation system collects the funds for developing a solar power plant, and provides discount service for the customers in local shop. The system is expected to contribute both of the revitalization of local stores and the reduction of GHG emission in the region. At the same time, an MM measure has been conducted to make the customers to change their car-use behavior to local stores. About 130 vouchers were sold for the first three months, and about 30% of sold vouchers were consumed. As a revitalization effect of the MM measure, one-third participants highly intended to switch the daily shopping destination from large shopping complexes to local stores. In terms of the impacts on travel behavior, it promoted to switch from private car to bike/walk for shopping. Furthermore, the MM combining with Green-community voucher system induced a synergistic effect of CO2 emission-reduction. These results show the MM measure could realize a well-balanced region between low-carbon and revitalization.
    Download PDF (335K)
  • Anabel A. ABUZO, Yasunori MUROMACHI
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 858-871
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Ecodrive or Ecodriving is a driving technique designed to improve fuel economy, reduce CO2 and lessen the adverse impacts of road transport on the environment. This study investigates the effects of the Ecodrive program on candidate drivers by looking into their driving behavior (psychological and non-psychological factors) as well as taking into consideration the vehicle parameters used during Ecodrive training. There are twenty-seven drivers with their vehicles equipped with on-board data-logging equipment that serve as subjects of this study. The drivers were given sets of questionnaires for them to fill-in before and after training. Questionnaire data and actual driving data were analyzed using Cronbach’s Alpha and Regression. The study has successfully recorded and analyzed the effects of Ecodrive program on driver behavior with respect to fuel efficiency. The study also showed fuel efficiency, improvement of the program, improvement during idling stop and improvement during driving acceleration.
    Download PDF (273K)
  • Jian JIANG, Yasutsugu NITTA, Hiroto INOI
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 872-885
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Decomposition analysis is a method that analyzes the effects of factors which lead to the growth of energy consumption. This paper introduces the vector variables to the method of decomposition analysis in order to show the change of energy consumption in the transport sector in recent years in Japan. It is found that the travel demand of passengers has increased successfully every year and has crucially and steadily affected the transport energy consumption. GDP is another factor that caused great energy consumption during Japan’s high economic growth period while it is also effective to reduce energy intensity and the average travel distance. According to the result, corresponding policy such as encouraging environmental vehicles is proposed.
    Download PDF (439K)
  • Varameth VICHIENSAN, Sathita MALAITHAM, Kazuaki MIYAMOTO
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 886-899
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    That urban rail transit brings large benefit to the adjacent area is well recognized; however, to what extent it has influence over space is still questionable, especially in a city being young in urban railway experience. This paper presents hedonic analysis of residential property value in order to examine the factors that determine the sale price. The case study is an area along a corridor of BTS Sukhumvit line, which is Bangkok’s the first urban rail transit having been in service for over 10 years. The area has undergone rapid development, reflecting on the appreciated land value and increased number of tall building. Three hedonic models are presented: ordinary least square regression, spatial autoregressive model, and geographically weighted regression. It is found that the spatial effects present in the study area both spatial dependence and spatial nonstationarity. The results provide insight to improve railway services such as station access or feeder service.
    Download PDF (727K)
Public and Non-motorized Transportation
  • Ying FU
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 900-913
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The operation of Beijing-Tianjin HSR line in 2008 indicates the coming of a fast development period of China's HSR. The expensive construction costs, high ticket fares and their impacts to China's passenger transport market and national economy have aroused extensive attention from various circles of the society. The paper try to analyse the mistaken policy of China's HSR with a special concern to its impacts to public interests as well as the long term national economy based on an evaluation to the financial and social effects for China's HSR lines.
    Download PDF (230K)
  • Hironori KATO, Akihiro INAGI, Nozomi SAITO, Phyo Thet Thet HTUN
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 914-929
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper analyzes the feasibility of introducing a bus rapid transit (BRT) system and the restructuring of the bus route network to improve the performance of the local bus service in Yangon, Myanmar. First, we summarize the characteristics of the current urban bus service in Yangon. We point out that the point-to-point bus route network results in many overlapping routes along main roads and this leads to serious traffic congestion. Then, we examine the feasibility of two policy options. The first case (Case 1) introduces a new BRT line to the existing bus network; while the second case (Case 2) restructures the bus route network whilst introducing a new BRT line. Five types of BRT fares are considered for each case. To evaluate these policy options, a travel demand forecast system, including the estimation of an origin-destination table and a bus route-choice model, is developed. The results of the evaluation show that Case 1-400, in which a new BRT with a flat fare of 400 Kyats, introduced to the existing bus route network offers the most desirable outcome.
    Download PDF (613K)
  • A. Caroline SUTANDI, Rizky I. I. B. PAMBUDI
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 930-942
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Train is a public transportation mode that usually used for intercity travel between large cities in developing countries. Nevertheless, because of specific conditions regarding train operation in developing country, the transportation mode has to compete with other modes of transportation, for example bus, travels on toll road. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of toll road operation to the decrease of number of intercity train passengers. Furthermore, to determine factors that influences the train passengers to be bus passengers. Case study is carried out at Jakarta-Cirebon train route and new operation of Jakarta-Cirebon toll road in Indonesia. Stated preference method is used to estimate probability of train passengers that change to be bus passengers. The result shows that 14.09 percent train passenger change to be bus passenger. Furthermore, factors that influence the change are ticket price, travel time, headway, and ticket service performance of Jakarta-Cirebon train route.
    Download PDF (900K)
  • Hiroshi TSUKAGUCHI, Upali VANDEBONA, Kuang-Yih YEH, Hao-Ching HSIA, Hu ...
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 943-955
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Walking, a universally available transport mode, has been important throughout human history. Recently, the emphasis on development of sustainable societies with emphasis on low carbon footprint has regenerated interest in pedestrian facilities and creation of seamless transport systems. Novelty of research work presented here is in its attempt to investigate walking in a framework consistent with the societal influence. For this purpose, general attitudes and preferences toward walking in different urban areas have been investigated to understand similarity and dissimilarity of pedestrian travel culture. This research work is based on field surveys in Japan Taiwan and South Korea. The present study provides a three-way comparison of pedestrian travel culture among the three countries. The paper focuses on the relationship between pedestrian behavioral characteristics, and personal characteristics such as lifestyle and stage of life. The analysis reveals that each country has an own identity in terms of the pedestrian culture.
    Download PDF (280K)
  • Amarjargal NAYANBAATAR, Kunie KAJISHIMA
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 956-969
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this paper, we focused on the utilization of bicycle as transport facility, to resolve the social and environmental problem in Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia. Bicycle is recognized as environmentally-friendly transportation in many countries, but the transportation policy of Ulaanbaatar does not include the utilization of bicycle. Whereas, Ulaanbaatar has the valuable history of bicycle, most of young people don’t know that history, and perceive bicycle as “toy of children” or “awkward”. In order to encourage the utilization of bicycle, it is important to clarify the history of urban transport and cycling, in contrast with urban development of Ulaanbaatar city.
    Download PDF (1180K)
  • Thaned SATIENNAM, Sittha JAENSIRISAK, Nattapong NATEVONGIN, Wichuda KO ...
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 970-985
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this paper is to show a planning for a public transport in a challenging motorcycle dominated community in Asia as well as several proposed policies encouraging a modal shift from motorcycle to bus. The case study was at Khon Kaen University (KKU), in the North East of Thailand. In the campus, 75% of trips are made by motorcycle. This study developed the mathematic model to forecast the mode choice behavior between two types of vehicles: motorcycle and campus bus, for Home Based Education (HBE) trip purpose. The study was based on the Stated Preference (SP) method. The study proposed integrated demand- and supply-side policies to promote bus system. The campus bus should be free and prioritized; on the other hand, motorcycles should be restricted within the academic zones and be charged for parking.
    Download PDF (538K)
  • Samira MELITI, Abdul Azeez KADAR HAMSA
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 986-999
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Bus priority treatment in urban areas is seen as an effective measure to improve bus transit services. This paper describes the effects of exclusive bus lanes on passenger ridership and travel time. Exclusive bus lanes along Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman (Jalan TAR) and Jalan Syed Putra (Jalan SP) are used to measure the service characteristics of bus transit. Passenger ridership and travel time survey were conducted during peak and off peak-hours on weekdays and weekend. The differences between mean travel time of buses and motorcars were statistically tested by using T-test. The findings showed that the bus passenger ridership is generally low and the effect of exclusive bus lanes on passenger ridership is insignificant. Travel time for buses along exclusive bus lanes was found significantly higher than other traffic (especially motorcars) along adjacent traffic lanes. Recommendations are drawn to overcome issues confronting exclusive bus lanes in Kuala Lumpur.
    Download PDF (371K)
  • Kai Chieh HU, William JEN, Mingying (Lancaster) LU
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1000-1011
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In railway transportation, it happens that passengers need to wait due to schedule delay. The unfavorable waiting experience of passengers may cause negative emotion and lower service evaluation. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of passengers’ perceived waiting experience and service guarantee on their satisfaction and repurchase intentions. This study took the Taiwan Railway Administration as an example and the data were collected via a questionnaire from those passengers who had the waiting experience before. After applying structural equation modeling to test the theoretical model, the research results showed that the effects of perceived waiting time and service guarantee on satisfaction and repurchase intentions were significant. This study proposed some managerial implications and suggestions for future research.
    Download PDF (188K)
  • Nursyamsu HIDAYAT, Kasem CHOOCHARUKUL, Kunihiro KISHI
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1012-1023
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper presents an alternative model for evaluating pedestrian level of service at the sidewalk with street vendor activities. Variables in the model include pedestrian perceptions of walking condition based on interview surveys as well as the pedestrian traffic flow and pedestrian behavior as the impact of street vendor activities. The presence of street vendors along the sidewalk is considered important in the proposed model. Data collections, which are conducted in Bangkok and Jakarta, include pedestrian interviews and pedestrian traffic surveys. Factor analysis is used to summarize pedestrian perceptions into several important variables. Then, along with pedestrian traffic data, regression models are estimated to find level of service as a function of the pedestrian perceptions of comfort and problem caused by vendor activities, pedestrian volume, and the number of pedestrian who interact with street vendors.
    Download PDF (195K)
  • Muhammad ZULKIFLI, Yasuo HINO, AM PATTINAJA, Indra TJAHJANI
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1024-1039
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study aims to quantify the benefit of cycling space development in Jakarta. There are very few studies which evaluate benefits of cycling, especially if cyclist’s conditions including road facilities are improved. Improvements on health, accidents, air pollution, travel time, saving on parking costs, vehicle cost and security-enjoyments were considered as benefits in this study. As quantifying was done without established data and value available, the Contingent Valuation Methods (CVM) including Willingness to Pay (WTP) and Willingness to Use with considerations and realistic assumptions were introduced as methodology. The results show that development of cycling space is valuable measures, especially on saving of user cost. This is because the higher interest to cycling among the large number of motorized vehicles in Jakarta. This study is designed to discuss the framework of methodology, therefore the finding could be developed to be more comprehensive quantifying for the further research.
    Download PDF (606K)
  • Ryuji KAKIMOTO
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1040-1054
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Road Transport Law was partly amended in 2002. Then, a regulation to adjust supply and demand of bus services was repealed, and subsidization for the local bus industry was modified. This amendment aimed an activation of bus services. This paper aims to analyze deregulated effects of the bus industry. First, a Trans-Log Cost Function is estimated with consideration to a effective period of the deregulation and the competitive pressures in the transportation markets. Second, the relation between regional differences and competitive pressures in the transportation markets is verified by using this Cost Function. Then, effects of the competitive pressures to productive structure of the bus industry are analyzed. Consequently, it is found that the production structure is different between regions and the competitive pressures lead the bus industry to cost inefficiency.
    Download PDF (251K)
  • Jau-Rong LIU, Cherng-Chwan HWANG
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1055-1070
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Train delays in railway system are affected by many factors, and one of the most important factors is the insufficient line capacity. Knock-on delays (delay propagation) caused by the first delays, always interrupt railway operation. This research uses a previously developed simulation model to deal with the related problems, and selects a rail section from Cidu to Shulin of Taiwan regional railway for case study, in order to explore the effects on knock-on delay of different first delay locations and recovery strategies. The main findings are as follows: (1) the closer that the first delay occurred at upstream section, the greater the knock-on delay of all stations and two end-stations are; (2) the effects of timetable recovery strategies are better in recovering to scheduled timetable when the first delay occurred at the upstream section. It is expected that the results can provide more insights about the complex interactions of railway operations.
    Download PDF (423K)
  • Borith LONG, Kasem CHOOCHARUKUL, Takashi NAKATSUJI
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1071-1086
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study investigates the commuter’s intention toward future urban rail transport in Phnom Penh by presenting an extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior model. Some psychological factors, attitudinal aspects, socioeconomic and travel characteristics that can help explaining the likelihood of future sky train usage are measured. 398 motorists who travel along the study line linking the airport to the Central Market in CBD are asked to complete the questionnaire survey. Applying structural equation modeling, it is found that the extension of TPB constructs, i.e. attitudinal aspect, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, moral obligation, awareness of consequences, socioeconomic and travel characteristic significantly influence the behavioral intention towards future sky train usage. The outcome of the study can help understanding commuter’s current behavioral intention and be additionally useful for future research and study on urban rail transport in Phnom Penh.
    Download PDF (585K)
  • Yasushi HIGASHIMOTO, Hiroshi TAKADA, Kunihiro KISHI
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1087-1099
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Since the numbers of bus service patrons have fallen considerably in recent years, operational considerations have forced bus companies to focus on profitability over public utility, increasingly leading to the cancellation of non-profitable routes. A reduced regional bus service, however, not only deprives area residents of a means of transportation but also decreases the utility of the area, leading to decreased land values and large accompanying socioeconomic loss. To analyze the effects of reduced bus service such as route cancellations and lowered service levels, this study uses a hedonic approach to develop a model that takes bus service as a parameter for a land valuation function, and thereby estimates the decrease in real estate tax revenue caused by bus route cancellations.
    Download PDF (356K)
  • Chalat TIPAKORNKIAT, Hyunmyung KIM, Thirayoot LIMANOND
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1100-1114
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper describes the models of fundamental characteristics for pedestrian flow movement. The actual data were investigated in Bangkok, Thailand. A sidewalk in the CBD in Bangkok is separated into six sub-sections in order to model the density-speed relationships. Nonlinear weights of instant density are assumed equal for each case for this study. The authors found that multi sub-sections analysis increase accuracy of speed-density-travel time relationship more than single section analysis but there is limitation of section separation. The final section of sidewalk does not give a significant impact on the speed of the whole section.
    Download PDF (1000K)
  • Pradeep Kumar SHRESTHA, Fumihiko NAKAMURA, Toshiyuki OKAMURA
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1115-1127
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Passenger service time mainly depends on numbers of passenger boarding and alighting, and fare collection process. Understanding the impact of fare collection with multiple fare media helps to reduce the variation of passenger service time. This paper has attempted to study the effect of existence of multiple fare media for fare collection purpose on passenger service time. It is natural that the IC card payment and commuting passes consume least time for fare payment processing. However, when bus rider uses exact required coin, its marginal payment time is not significantly different with other fare media. Also, the predecessor’s fare payment process has no significant effect over the follower’s payment process. Thus, multiple fare media can embraces wide variety of users who can select fare media according to their ease and also supports implementation of complex fare policy including fare transfer policy.
    Download PDF (1103K)
  • Duangporn PRASERTSUBPAKIJ, Vilas NITIVATTANANON, Pawinee IAMTRAKUL
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1128-1143
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The article examines factors influencing behavioral responses to metro accessibility and proposes strategies for enhancing access behaviors, intentions, motivations, and actions of metro services in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand. Regression analysis identifies six influential factors regarding multidimensional aspects. The findings expand the knowledge on individual metro accessibility in real understanding of socioeconomic, temporal and psychological influences to improve sustainable access of such services. An importance-performance analysis technique was applied for policy design with a focus on long-term social sustainability in transportation. The policy analysis results suggested that Transit-Oriented Development application should be regarded as sustainability and importance of metro accessibility improvement strategies, on the basis of their high scores in evaluation process.
    Download PDF (483K)
  • Gang LI, Junyi ZHANG, Sudarmanto Budi NUGROHO, Tran Ngoc LINH, Akimasa ...
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1144-1159
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study analyzes paratransit drivers’ stated job choice behavior under various policy interventions. First, the current profiles of four typical types of paratransit drivers (becak, ojek, bajaj, and angkot drivers) are clarified in Jabodetabek Metropolitan Area, Indonesia. Second, factors affecting their future driver job choices under policy interventions from social and environmental aspects were investigated based on a stated preference (SP) survey, conducted in 2010. In the SP survey, future driver jobs are assumed by considering salary level, employment opportunity, employment status, operation cost, subsidy for low-emission vehicles, vehicle fuel types, and so on. Third, direct evaluation of different factors on job choices were conducted by cross-tabulations. Dogit model was further applied to properly represent the captive job decision. The model estimation results confirmed that drivers are relatively captive to ojek and bajaj, and subsidy for low-emission vehicles is influential to drivers’ stated job choices about ojek and bajaj.
    Download PDF (478K)
  • Sang Yong LEE, Hun Young JUNG, Jeong Ho LEE
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1160-1169
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a high quality bus based on a transit system that delivers passengers in a fast and comfortable manner. The BRT also ensures effective urban mobility through the provision of segregated busways and a bus-only roadways infrastructure. However, most of the cities in Korea have already adopted railroads under the trunk roads. Also, because there is no available ground to construct a highway, cities must utilize existing highways. Therefore, this study will explore the possibility of the introduction of the BRT in the case of Busan. From the result of the exploration, it is possible to suggest which priority conditions should be considered in the early phase of BRT corridor selection. Also, it is possible to choose a corridor as a candidate BRT in Busan. Lastly, it is possible to construct a use demand model of a BRT from potential users and estimate the use probability.
    Download PDF (174K)
  • Konstantine KOH, Primitivo CAL, Crispin Emmanuel DIAZ
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1170-1185
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Many researches and foreign case studies have shown that the provision of amenities in public transportation facilities can help increase public transport ridership. However, the range of public transport terminal amenities is broad and diverse, such that it would be too costly and impractical to include all of them in any terminal, especially in the Philippine setting. Thus, a study was undertaken to determine the terminal conditions and amenities preferred by the trip makers, specifically those within the central business districts. Preferences of trip-makers to/from Makati CBD on up to 15 terminal amenities had been collected through on-site and email surveys. The data was processed and analyzed to identify some patterns or trends in these preferences which could help improve the planning of terminal facilities.
    Download PDF (200K)
  • Chien-Yen CHANG, T. Hugh WOO, Sen-Feng WANG
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1186-1200
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper conducts a field survey with cameras at intersections to collect and analyze pedestrian walking speeds with one factor and multiple factors. Following regression analysis and factor identification, this paper also develops a prediction model for pedestrian walking speed. Results show that the mean speed of male adults is significantly higher than that of female adults in most cases. The mean walking speed of individual crossers is higher than the mean speeds of a group of two people or a group of three or more people. People walk faster on cold days, but slower on rainy days. People tend to increase their walking speed when walking across a wider street or an intersection without pedestrian control devices. In addition, regression analysis shows that the walking speed for pedestrians is significantly affected by the factors of sex, temperature, weather, number of lanes, signal type, and pedestrian phase length.
    Download PDF (310K)
  • Tien-Pen Hsu, Yu-Chu Yang, Yi-Ting Lin, Pei-Yun Lin
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1201-1209
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to create a better and sustainable living environment, bicycle is an essential vehicle for greening transport. Cycling on sidewalks is an urban development pattern owing to the limitation of road width for motorized vehicle. This paper aims to develop a comprehensive assessment model of the Level of Quality of cycling on sidewalk. The classification of Level of Quality is built by Fuzzy Set Theory according to the perception of cyclists. The evaluation model is applied practically to evaluate the streets in Taipei city. The evaluation results show that the general situation for cycling on sidewalk is not good. A systematic improvement is needed. The model is then applicable for further application to evaluate and create the improvement countermeasure for bicycle.
    Download PDF (354K)
Highway Design and Maintenance
  • Chanida KANGKHAJITRE, Kunnawee KANITPONG
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1210-1224
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The skid resistance of asphalt concrete is highly influenced by the microtexture and macrotexture of pavement surface. It is believed that the microtexture and macrotexture are affected by the surface texture of pavement, which refers to the arrangement of aggregates and their aggregates characteristics. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of aggregate properties and its orientation on microtexture and macrotexture by using an image analysis technique. Test results reveal that texture values obtained through the use of an image analysis technique is highly sensitive to changes in microtexture. The aggregate types and their related properties which are polished stone value, angularity, and texture of aggregate significantly affect the microtexture whereas the macrotexture is considerably influenced by fineness modulus, angularity and texture.
    Download PDF (479K)
  • Dinh Van HIEP, Koji TSUNOKAWA
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1225-1239
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Option evaluation systems (OESs) have been widely recognized as a powerful means for investigating optimal pavement preservation strategies (OPPSs) of road networks in various situations. OESs, however, entail exogenously specified alternatives of pavement preservation. A combined optimization- simulation methodology has been generalized (called GCOSM) for finding optimal maintenance strategies without relying on user specified options in OESs, taking into account of various treatments including resealing, overlay and reconstruction. Based on GCOSM, the objective of the paper is to propose an approach to investigating OPPSs for a national road network in a systematic manner. The HDM-4 system is employed as an OES in the study for Vietnamese national road network. The findings may provide a guideline for highway agencies in better applying the appropriate maintenance policies based on site surveys in terms of pavement conditions and traffic situations with regard in saving the total transport costs to society.
    Download PDF (189K)
  • Ghim Ping ONG, Kumares C. SINHA
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1240-1253
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Highway agencies are collecting an enormous amount of pavement condition data and have to face constantly the laborious task of ensuring its completeness and accuracy. Traditionally, most data-quality studies are focused on ensuring the accuracy and precision of delivered pavement condition data and little attention has been paid to ensure that the data is of high integrity. This paper proposes the use of information management concepts to investigate the integrity of a delivered pavement condition database. A set of performance metrics is developed to assess data integrity from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. Using these metrics, a quality assurance framework is proposed to test for data integrity before accepting the database for use in the pavement management system. Through the use of a case study, the applicability of the developed quality assurance procedure is demonstrated.
    Download PDF (735K)
  • Ming-Lou LIU, Duen-Sheng LEE, Tzu-Chen Hung
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1254-1263
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Due to the variations of the material properties and construction in pavement engineering, pavement responses under vehicle loading are stochastic. The use of stochastic approach in the pavement analysis is more reasonable. The purpose of this study is to develop a perturbation stochastic finite element program in the pavement analysis and the results are compared with the results of a Monte Carlo simulation approach. Then, the statistical data from the stochastic finite element analysis are incorporated with the reliability method to develop performance function models. The reliability-based performance models will be used for performance analysis of test pavement sections. The First Order Reliability Method (FORM) is used to compute the factor of reliability for rutting and fatigue cracking of pavement. The results of these analyses can be used to study pavement performance reliability.
    Download PDF (172K)
  • Javed FARHAN, T. F. FWA
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1264-1273
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Traditional practices of pavement crack maintenance prioritization are often based on subjective assessments and only consider crack width as the defining measure for representing severity of the cracks. In reality crack severity should logically be a function of the remaining fatigue life of a pavement. This assessment requires all characteristics of a crack to be considered including the depth and location of a crack for considering a mechanistic analysis as the basis for crack maintenance prioritization. This paper aims to improve the operational capability and practicality of the proposed approach by developing a crack prioritization model to establish maintenance priorities. The model is calibrated and validated, which is considered critical for any model, using a cross validation approach. The results from the validation process support the feasibility, practicality and wide-scale implementation of the proposed mechanistic approach.
    Download PDF (261K)
  • Mohd Adli SANI, Abi Zaid ABD LATIB, Choy Peng NG, Mohammed Alias YUSOF ...
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1274-1285
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In Malaysia, most of the pavement is made with hot mix asphalt (HMA) as this is one of the most economical materials available and it is also very suitable for the climate here. However, the HMA pavement normally required frequent maintenance and rehabilitation due to damages caused by excessive traffic loadings. Therefore, one of the alternatives to minimize the damages of pavement and to prolong the service life is to use modified asphalt pavement. HMA can be modified with filler, extender, rubber, plastic, rubber-plastic combinations, fibre, antioxidants, hydrocarbon, anti-stripping agents, waste materials and etc. This study demonstrates the properties of HMA added with coir fibre and kenaf fibre. The laboratory result reveals that both fibres are effective in increasing the Marshall stability of the ordinary HMA. The coir fibre and kenaf fibre increases the Marshall stability of the ordinary HMA by 3.2% and 9.7% respectively. Therefore, coir fibre and kenaf fibre has potential in modifying asphalt.
    Download PDF (745K)
  • Danpeng MA, Hideki NAKAMURA, Miho ASANO
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1286-1299
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper investigates urban expressway capacity characteristics of lane closure sections due to accidents. Methodology includes the following parts: 1) identification of a breakdown due to an accident, 2) estimation of capacity under accident conditions, 3) exploring features of capacity drop percentage, and 4) fitting probability distribution of capacity drop percentage. Accident record data and loop detector data on Odaka Route of Nagoya Expressway during three years are utilized to fulfill the investigation. The results reveal that mean capacity value increases and its variance turns to be convergent with increase of lane closure duration. Accident types like multiple rear-end collisions and rear-end collisions result in comparatively greater values of capacity drop percentage. Also accidents on curve segments bring relatively higher capacity drops compared with those on straight segments. Furthermore, capacity drop percentage is shown to be stochastic, and Beta distribution can well fit its probability distribution.
    Download PDF (743K)
  • Hitoshi IEDA, Takahiro IGO, Yasuto KONDO
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1300-1312
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A scientific methodology specified by Normalized Development Level (NDL) for international comparison of the accessibility in expressway network is developed with consideration of the difference of countries in their area, population, economic development level, geographical conditions including seismic risk, which is applied to time series data of various countries over the world including EASTS’ member states. Furthermore, an index to measure the regional balance of expressway development: Regional Balance Index (RBI) is also proposed based on the calculated results of NDL and applied to the time series data in Japan, US and EU. This comparison approach based on a simplified theory which can be widely applicable even for countries and regions with limited data-availability seems practically useful for evaluating of current situations in different countries, different regions, and different times comparatively, for reviewing history of development, and for discussing direction of long-term development policy of expressway network for the future.
    Download PDF (581K)
  • Hyung Bae KIM, Seung Han LEE, Seong-Tae PARK, Won Kyong Jeong
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1313-1326
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a major durability problem that results in a very severe deterioration in the portland cement concrete pavement. The deterioration based on ASR in the cement concrete occurs when alkalis from the cement or from an external source react with free silica from certain aggregates to form an alkali-silica gel. A variety of effort has been provided to establish the method to prevent the ASR problem in the new construction and rehabilitate the existing deteriorated pavement sections due to ASR in Korea. It is expected that the placement of BCO can prevent the additional water intrusion into the existing pavement with the aggregate easy to accelerate ASR and stop the additional ASR related distress. The purpose of this study is to establish method for the rehabilitation of the deteriorated pavement caused by ASR of concrete pavement by the BCO with Very Early Setting Latex Modified Cement.
    Download PDF (1045K)
  • Boonchai SANGPETNGAM, Sarayoot KUMLAI, Tawee SANGSUWANNO, Kaenvit VONG ...
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1327-1335
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The surface deflection measurement is the widely used nondestructive test to investigate the structural strength of flexible pavement. Traditionally the test is conducted using the Benkelman Beam which is equipped in all district offices of Thailand’s Department of Rural Roads. At present, the modern equipment “Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD)” becomes more popular to measure the deflection due to the improvement in fast processing time and amount of data obtained. The important thing of using the FWD data is to have a sound interpreting technique that is capable of evaluating the pavement structural condition correctly. This work presents the study of using the deflection to evaluate the structural strength of newly constructed asphalt pavement. Based on the field testing data, it was found that the deflection at load center (D0) and the total thickness of pavement correlated well with the modified structural number, or SNC which represented the structural capacity of pavement for carrying traffic loading.
    Download PDF (338K)
  • Hallizza ASLI, Mohamed Rehan KARIM
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1336-1350
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this paper, the implementation of using waste cooking oil as a rejuvenating agent that used in RAP is investigated. The simulation of ageing process is accelerated by unconventional method using propeller mixer, (MIXER) and rolling thin film oven test, (RTFOT). The binder tests are by means of Penetration test, Softening Point test, Brookfield Viscosity test and Dynamic Shear Rheometer, (DSR) test to measure original bitumen, aged bitumen and rejuvenated bitumen properties. It was observed that unconventional method is produced aged bitumen pen-grade of 60/70, 50/60, 40/50 and 30/40 which have penetrations between of 60 to 70, 50 to 60, 40 to 50 and 30 to 40, respectively while RTFOT shown 50/60 aged penetration grade. The results indicate that the aged bitumen is rejuvenated by the waste cooking oil due to change in physical and rheological properties that revived to original bitumen (Fresh Bitumen).
    Download PDF (738K)
  • Chulsu YANG, James C. WILLIAMS, Stephen P. MATTINGLY
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1351-1363
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Properly calibrated traffic simulation model is increasingly a preferred evaluation method of traffic operations and facility designs for current transportation professionals. Due to the absence of readily available simulation model for the operation and design evaluation of freeways implemented by managed lane(s), this research collects the field data of freeways with managed lane(s) and calibrates drivers’ behaviors to provide a standard for developing the managed lanes’ weaving and access design guidelines.
    Download PDF (355K)
  • Nur ALI, Muhammad Wihardi TJARONGE, Lawalenna SAMANG, Muhammad Isran R ...
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1364-1375
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this paper is to grasp effect of flood puddle to durability of asphalt concrete mixture on road pavement. In this regard, an experimental study was carried out by using Modified Immersion test in order to represent the flood phenomenon and Marshall Immersion test as reference. The experimental treated immersion test during 1, 3, 5, and 7 days to the two types of asphalt mixture, i.e. the mixture containing Retona additive and un-containing it. The research adopted three types of durability indexes to describe asphalt mixture durability, i.e. the retaining strength index (RSI), the first durability index (FDI), and the second durability index (SDI). The results show that Modified Immersion test gave good appearance to grasp deterioration of the mixtures durability due to flood puddle during some days. In further, the asphalt concrete mixtures still retained until seven days immersion, where the mixture containing Retona was more durable than the other mixture.
    Download PDF (245K)
  • Chia-Pei CHOU, Ai-Chin CHEN, Li-Wei CHANG, Chen-Yu TSAI
    2011 Volume 9 Pages 1376-1390
    Published: 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Although the inertial profiler has been introduced for decades, most of the highway agencies in Taiwan still adopt the 3-M straightedge as the main device for pavement roughness measurements. Through the Long Term Pavement Performance database, 5280 profile data were selected in this study for analyzing the relationship between international roughness index (IRI) and standard deviator (σ). The natural logarithm transformation was applied to both variables before a linear regression model was developed with R2 of 0.9368. However, it is found that the current smoothness acceptance specification (σ= 2.4 mm) used by Taiwan Freeway and Expressway system is equivalent to an IRI value of 2.97 m/km that is not rigorous enough while compared with that of other countries. It is recommended to modify the specification from 2.4mm to 1.1 mm that will perform an equivalent level of the IRI-based specification suggested by Federal Highway Administration.
    Download PDF (636K)
feedback
Top