Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
Online ISSN : 1347-4715
Print ISSN : 1342-078X
ISSN-L : 1342-078X
10 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1~10を表示しています
Minireview
  • Akatsuki KOKAZE
    2005 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 319-323
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2005/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Mitochondrial DNA 5178 cytosine/adenine (Mt5178 C/A) polymorphism is associated with longevity in the Japanese population, and the Mt5178A genotype may confer antiatherogenic advantages. Individuals with the Mt5178A genotype may be more resistant to adult-onset diseases, such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, than those with the Mt5178C genotype. Moreover, Mt5178 C/A polymorphism has been reported to be associated with blood pressure, serum lipid levels, hematological parameters, intraocular pressure, serum protein fraction levels and serum electrolyte levels in healthy Japanese individuals. Differences in the influence of habitual drinking or habitual smoking on health status between the Mt5178C genotype and the Mt5178A genotype have been reported. The individual modification of drinking habits or smoking habits based on the genotyping of Mt5178 C/A may promote improved health and lead to the establishment of personalized prevention strategies for adult-onset diseases.
Original
  • Machi SUKA, Hiroki SUGIMORI, Katsumi YOSHIDA, Hitomi KANAYAMA, Michika ...
    2005 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 324-330
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2005/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Objectives: To analyze the path to dieting behavior in Japanese preadolescents.
    Methods: A cross-sectional study of dieting behavior among 5,244 preadolescents (2,452 boys and 2,792 girls aged 12-13) born in Toyama prefecture.
    Results: While increasing with body mass index (BMI), the percentage of those who had tried dieting was higher in those who perceived themselves fat than in those who perceived themselves thin or average. Of those who wanted to be thinner, 16.1% of boys and 26.8% of girls had tried dieting. Path analysis in nonobese subjects (2,116 boys and 2,334 girls) showed that (1) body image was primarily based on BMI, (2) body image led to body dissatisfaction, and (3) body dissatisfaction led to dieting behavior. Pubertal changes had a significant effect on body image (path coefficient <0) for boys and body satisfaction (path coefficient >0) for girls, in addition to that on BMI. Maternal BMI had a significant effect on BMI but not on body image, body satisfaction, or dieting behavior.
    Conclusions: Body image and body satisfaction play important roles in the path to dieting behavior in Japanese preadolescents. Pubertal changes may reinforce dieting behavior, but the mechanism may differ by sex.
Short Communications
  • Yasuhiro KOMIYA, Yoshiki KURODA, Hiroyuki NAKAO, Katsuyuki ARIZONO, Ai ...
    2005 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 331-334
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2005/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Objectives: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) A1 catalyses the activated heterocyclic aromatic amine carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (N-OAc-PhIP). This case-control study was carried out to examine whether the genetic polymorphism of GSTA1 is associated with the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma among Japanese people in relation to their smoking status.
    Methods: In this study, 97 Japanese oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and 457 healthy controls were compared for the frequencies of the GSTA1 genotypes (*A: -567T,-69C,-52G, *B: -567G,-69T,-52A).
    Results: The frequencies of GSTA1 *A/*B+*B/*B genotypes were 32.3% in male cancer patients and 11.4% in female cancer patients, compared with 20.1% in the male control group (Odds ratio (OR)=1.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99-3.46) and 23.1% in the female control group (OR=0.58; 95% CI 0.18-1.81). The GSTA1 *A/*B+ *B/*B genotypes were associated with an 86% increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma among males, albeit without statistical significance. Also, among male smokers, the frequency of GSTA1 *A/*B+*B/*B genotypes was significantly higher among the oral squamous cell carcinoma patients (33.3%) than among the controls (19.6%). The OR of the male smokers with the GSTA1 *A/*B+ *B/*B genotypes for oral squamous cell carcinoma was 1.97 (95% CI 1.02-3.79).
    Conclusions: We present the first evidence of an association between GSTA1*B and oral squamous cell carcinoma among smokers. This study suggests that the GSTA1 polymorphism and tobacco smoke-derived PhIP are associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility among male smokers.
  • Nobuhiro KONNO, Masashi TSUNODA, Yoshiko SUGITA-KONISHI
    2005 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 335-337
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2005/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tributyltin (TBT) compound on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the brains of preweanling mice.
    Methods: Pregnant ICR mice were exposed to TBT chloride at concentrations of 0, 15, and 50 ppm in water. Male offspring were sacrificed at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after birth. Mouse brain membranes were prepared from cerebral cortices, and the specific binding of [3H]MK-801 to an NMDA receptor was determined by radioligand binding assay.
    Results: The mean body weight of preweanling mice of the 50 ppm dose group decreased by 17-25% (p<0.01) at 1, 2 and 3 weeks of age, compared with that of preweanling mice of the corresponding control group. The [3H]MK-801 binding level significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the 15 ppm F1 group at 1 week and in the 15 ppm and 50 ppm F1 groups at 3 weeks of age, compared with that in the corresponding control F1 group.
    Conclusions: The exposure to TBT via placenta and dam’s milk seriously affected not only the growth of preweanling mice, but also the F1 cerebral NMDA receptors involved in memory and learning.
Special Issue
  • Christopher J. LINDSELL
    2005 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 341-350
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2005/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The diagnosis of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) is difficult, often relying on medical interview and history. The condition is characterized by an exaggerated vasoconstriction of digital arteries in response to cold. The complete closure of digital arteries is episodic and results in a characteristic blanching that is rarely observed by a clinician. Objective measurements of the response of the digital circulation to cold can assist in evaluating a patient for VWF. Finger systolic blood pressure (FSBP) following local cooling is a measure of cold-induced vasoconstriction in digital arteries and is an assessment of vasomotor tone. Low FSBPs following cooling are indicative of dysfunction. Finger skin temperature (FST) following hand cooling is a measure of cutaneous blood flow. The mechanism underlying the recovery of cutaneous blood flow following cooling is as yet not fully understood, but a delayed recovery is believed to arise from persistent vascular disturbances of the fingers or from a delayed release of vasospasm, or both. There are various methods of conducting both of these tests, resulting in conflicting opinions concerning the utility of the measurements, a scarcity of comparable data from epidemiological investigations, and limited normative data to aid clinicians in decision-making. This review of evidence on which the tests are based is aimed at providing clinicians and researchers with an understanding of the factors that must be considered when conducting the tests, interpreting the results, and comparing results between different studies.
  • Md S. LASKAR, Noriaki HARADA
    2005 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 351-359
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2005/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The cold water immersion test with finger skin temperature (FST) measurement is used to assess vascular disorders in hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). The test method is currently being standardized within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in which a water temperature of 12°C for 5 min of hand immersion and an option of using a waterproof hand covering during immersion are proposed. It is necessary to evaluate the diagnostic significance of the test with FST measurement under different conditions to provide a proper management of HAVS patients. The aim of this article is to review research findings of this test with FST measurement and discuss test conditions influencing the results and diagnostic significance.
    Different conditions were employed, and the test results were shown to be influenced by water temperature, immersion time and other conditions such as room temperature, season, ischemia during immersion, and evaluation parameters. These factors need to be considered in the standardization of the cold water immersion test with FST measurement. It has been mentioned that a high water temperature, a short immersion time and other conditions should be chosen to expose a subject to minimal suffering during the test. A water temperature between 10°C and 15°C and a 5 min immersion might be suitable for the cold water immersion test. The reported sensitivity and specificity evaluating rewarming to the initial temperature for the test using a water temperature of 12°C and a 3 min immersion are 58% and 100%, respectively; these are low but similar to those for the water immersion test at 10°C. Therefore, the proposed cold water immersion test at 12°C for 5 min by the ISO (Draft International Standard) is the focus of much interest, and further studies are needed to obtain sufficient data for evaluating the diagnostic significance of the test. At present, the test needs to be used together with a test battery.
  • Niels OLSEN
    2005 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 360-365
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2005/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    A finger systolic blood pressure (FSBP) cooling test was introduced in 1977 and standardized during the following years for the optimal provocation and best characterization of an attack of vasospastic Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP). The purpose of the present review is to compare and analyse some different techniques used in FSBP cooling tests from different countries and described in the final draft of the international standard, ISO/DIS 14835-2 (2004). The selected FSBP test results indicate to some extent that the tests are reliable and have acceptable diagnostic values despite the use of different techniques to obtain them. However, only a few studies used a zero-pressure FSBP%(0) to verify an ongoing attack of vasospastic RP. Most studies used an abnormal cold reaction FSBP%(A), located below the lower limit of controls, to make the anamnestic diagnosis of RP probable. According to the ISO draft, different types of finger cooling and body thermostating can be used together in the seated or supine position, and FSBP%(A) is indicated to be used for diagnostic purposes. Further studies are recommended to solve future standardization problems not included in the upcoming ISO standard. An international agreement on the presentation and comparison of test results is needed as a supplement to ISO/DIS 14835-2.
  • Youichi KUROZAWA, Yoshiro NASU
    2005 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 366-370
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2005/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Finger systolic blood pressure (FSBP) measurement during finger cooling is a feasible method for the diagnosis of vibration-induced white finger (VWF). The standardization of the FSBP test is required. The final draft of an international standard for the measurement and evaluation of FSBP (ISO/DIS 14835-2) has been proposed in 2004. The aim of this review is to overview factors influencing the FSBP test and discuss some issues in the final draft. The FSBP test is a method of diagnosing VWF with reasonable sensitivity and specificity, although the sensitivity was relatively low in studies of mild VWF. The test results depend on cold provocation procedures including finger cooling, body cooling, room temperature and other factors such clothing and smoking. There are some versions of procedures for cold provocation and the tested fingers in the final draft. These may cause a low sensitivity of the FSBP test. To determine how the methodological difference influences the results of the FSBP test, further studies are needed. Although there are issues in the draft, the international standard of the FSBP test is extremely useful for the diagnosis, treatment and compensation of VWF.
  • Tatsuya ISHITAKE, Hideo ANDO
    2005 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 371-375
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2005/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between subjective symptoms of coldness in fingers and peripheral circulation in patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS).
    Methods: Thirty-five male patients confirmed to have HAVS as an occupational disease took part in this study. Their mean age was 62 years (SD 5) and all were chain-saw operators exposed to vibration for an average of 25 years. Their annual health examination included the history of their daily habits (smoking, drinking, and therapeutic exercise), report of subjective symptoms such as coldness, numbness and tingling in the fingers, and a physical examination; laboratory tests consisted of skin temperature measurement, and pain and vibration perception under conditions of cold provocation. A frequently used method of cold provocation, immersion of the left hand up to the wrist in water of 10°C for 10 min, was used.
    Results: Finger coldness was classified into 3 groups according to its severity: mild group (n=8), moderate group (n=17) and severe group (n=10). There was no significant difference in age or occupational background between the groups. A significant association was found between finger coldness and prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon (p<001, χ2-test). The mean skin temperature was significantly lower with the severity of finger coldness (ANOVA, p<0.05). In the cold provocation test, there was no significant difference between skin temperature and coldness at 5 min and 10 min after immersion, though a difference was observed immediately after immersion. No significant difference was observed in the relationship between finger coldness and vibrotactile threshold before, during or after the cold provocation test.
    Conclusions: The severity of coldness in the fingers is significantly related to skin temperature. The severity of finger coldness reflects the extent of peripheral circulatory vasoconstriction. Coldness in the fingers may be a good warning of potential problems in peripheral circulatory function.
  • Susanne VOELTER-MAHLKNECHT, Stephan LETZEL, Heinrich DUPUIS
    2005 年 10 巻 6 号 p. 376-379
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2005/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    In Germany, vibration-induced white finger (VWF) disease is accepted as an occupational disease (BK No. 2104 BKV), for which compensation may be paid provided that the sociolegal requirements are met in accordance with the list of occupational diseases that is valid at the time. A cold provocation test (thermometry, infrared thermography) is helpful in the diagnosis of VWF and we believe that it could contribute to the standardization of vascular assessment methods. In Germany, the approved degree of the decrease in earning power is downgraded as disease symptoms improve with time; therefore, insured individuals suffering from VWF are regularly reassessed every 1-3 years. In the context of such follow-up examinations and the assessment of reversibility of this disease, a standardized cold provocation test is of central importance. Currently, there is a lack of data that confirm the diagnostic value of this test. Further investigations on VWF patients to validate the use of the cold provocation test in obtaining sufficient data for determining the satisfactory diagnostic value of this test are required.
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