The influence of fumigation on several types of photographic images and a colloidal silver film was examined using various fumigants (propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, methyl iodide, sulfuryl fluoride, cyphenothrin, methyl bromide, and carbon dioxide). The effect on the long-term stability of the images was also examined via accelerated aging experiments on the fumigated samples. Although methyl iodide and bromide are known to react with colloidal silver, these reagents did not affect photographic silver images. The other fumigants also negligibly affected all of the photographic specimens examined. Even when long-term storage tests were conducted, fumigation did not cause notable changes to typical photographic images.

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We propose an efficient steganographic scheme for palette-based images that improves the maximum length of the embedded message and does not seriously degrade the image quality in this paper. The proposed scheme embeds a multiple-bit message within the units of a 2 × 2 pixel matrix by assigning a parity to each pixel matrix according to the Euclidean distance. The stego- images created by using our scheme offer a better quality than those by the conventional scheme. Furthermore, the maximum length of the embedded message in our new approach is increased more than twofold compared to that in our previous work. A performance analysis validated our scheme.

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Dye sensitization is now understood as the electron transfer process from excited dye molecules to the conduction band of a substrate (AgX in photography and TiO2 in dye-sensitized solar cell). The electronic structure that is compatible with the electron transfer is characterized by the vacuum level shift at the interface between AgX and dyes. It was found that the alignment of permanent dipoles in organic dye molecules to the surface of AgX dominantly contributed to the vacuum level shift, while the formation of coordinate bonds between sulfur atoms with lone-paired electrons in dye molecules and silver ions on the surface of AgX gave the minor and opposite contribution to the vacuum level shift.

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