Abstract:Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that recognize various lipids as natural ligands.　In humans, 48 types of such proteins, including retinoic acid receptors （RARs）, vitamin D receptors （VDR）, estrogen receptors （ERs）, and thyroid hormone receptors （TRs）, have been identified.　Although the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors is primarily regulated by binding to specific ligands, post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation also influence it.　Recently, we discovered a novel signaling pathway leading from cell-cell adhesion to serine phosphorylation of several nuclear receptors, contributing to both stem cell differentiation and the malignancy of endometrial cancer and breast cancer.　This review will introduce the series of studies that led to these discoveries.

Abstract:In the perioperative period, it has been reported that inflammation status and immune status, nutritional status are associated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer and the incidence of infectious complications, the efficacy of chemotherapy.　We investigated the prognostic impact of preoperative neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio （NLR） and modified Glasgow prognostic score （mGPS） in patients with colorectal cancer and their association with clinicopathologic factors.　The subjects were 50 patients undergone surgery for colorectal cancer at our hospital between March 2019 and April 2020.　NLR and mGPS were calculated from the results of blood tests taken within one month before surgery.　2.54, the median value in this study, was used as the cut off value for NLR, and 2 was classified as high for mGPS, and CEA was classified into high and low groups with a cutoff value of 5.0 ng/ml, which is the standard value at our hospital.　Of the 50 patients, 26 had high NLR and 18 had high mGPS, and 5 died and 4 had cancer recurrence during the observation period.　The patients with high NLR had a poor prognosis.　The patients with high mGPS had a significantly higher incidence of right-sided colon cancer, deeper than T3, high CEA and stent implantation and had a poor prognosis.　High mGPS correlated with high NLR.　NLR and mGPS were not associated with the chemotherapy induction.　Both preoperative NLR and mGPS are useful prognostic indicators in patients with colorectal cancer.　We suggested that high samGPS associated with tumor activity.