Most environmental scientists agree that forests represent carbon sinks—areas that store carbon and lower the overall concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. This paper discusses the technical theory of sustainably managing forests and identifying desirable forests to secure as carbon sinks to protect the global environment, focusing on specific examples in the Mt. Fuji area. Desirable sustainably managed forests are expected to meet the following five requisites: high stocking volume, high-volume growth, profitable operation, multiple uses, and high biodiversity. However, these five requisites are mutually contradictory; not even normal forests or forest preserves—that is, those not deliberately managed for sustainability—can meet all five requisites at the same time. Planted-forest management based on thinning from mid-layer (TML) satisfies all five requisites. The TML method for sustainably managed planted forests has five principal focuses: strict maintenance of the 20% thinning ratio, selection of future trees, raising future trees, thinning the mid-layer trees impacted by future trees, and future trees with a cutting age of at least 150 years. This paper discusses the application of TML to specific examples of planted-forest management in the Mt. Fuji area.

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The lower region (shimokata) of Fuji District, located at the southern foot of Mount Fuji was the first stewardship territory that Houjyo Tokimasa received from Minamoto Yoritomo reward after the First Battle between the Minamoto and Taira clan in 1180. This paper elucidates the process through which Houjyo Yasutoki –Tokimasa’s grandson, and the third regent(shikken) of the Kmakura shogunate – changed shimokata region of Fuji District from being a simple land stewardship territory into a kingdom where a medieval feudal lord completely dominated the peasants and land. Houjyo Yasutoki developed policies for the livelihood of the vassals, and regulated farmers in the stewardship territory through a governing body he himself established, called the kumonjho (the Tokusou’s administration for the territory dominated). He also strengthened his dominance by developing new rice fields as a plan to maintain and expand the kingdom’s reproduction.

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