“Tonkatsu” is a dish in that pork loin and fillet are fried in cooking oil with flour, beaten egg and bread crumbs.

This is one of the best “Yoshoku” In Japan .There are various theories about the origin of “Tonkatsu”.In this study, previous research on the origin of“Tonkatsu” is to be reviewed. . In addition, the study aims at considering the origin of the “Tonkatsu” as a street food which has not been discussed so far.

In various social situations, ideology, that is, a systematized conception of an idea, places restraints on individual action and judgment from a social perspective and constitutes the basis for appropriate behavior.

As a concept, this is explained as the ideal way a person should behave socially, politically, and morally. It is also described as an individual’s social orientation. In recent years, it has been suggested that such individual orientations can be explained by the moral foundations theory, which argues that humans are naturally endowed with moral foundations. Using this theory, this study aims to examine political ideological orientations toward either individualism or collectivism in order to understand Japanese value systems. The study shows that moral foundations can predict individual political orientations to some extent and can also capture the orientations or belief systems of Japanese people based on their moral judgments, their political orientations and preference for cooperation and collectivism. The study shows that ideologies can partly be explained through psychological perspectives.

This research investigates the potential of current Machine Translation (MT) services as a learning tool based on Oshima (2010). Oshima (2010) tested the performances of common MT services by focusing on

various sentence structures in business and scientific texts. As a result, she suggested several potential measures for effective MT use in English writing and also possible teaching plans of English writing. This paper carries out new translation trials to evaluate the latest MT services and uses some source texts from Oshima (2010) to identify whether her suggested measures are still valid. Findings indicate that the measures can still be applied but are not straightforward and cannot be utilized by lower-level English learners working alone, which can need the assistance of an instructor. Therefore, the latest types of MT services can potentially be used as a learning tool for English writing.

The Saitama Prefectural Academic Ability Survey has been conducted since 2015. It is a test that allows comparisons over time in a survey using IRT. Even if the Saitama Prefectural Academic Ability Survey is conducted, the results of the National Assessment of Academic Ability have not been improved. Asking questions similar to the National Assessment of Academic Ability Survey would not improve the results.

This paper examines the problems of the Saitama Prefectural Scholastic Ability Survey, focusing on elementary school Japanese.

I conducted a nationwide survey to inquire about the skills needed for sufficient performance of Special

Needs Coordinators in Japanese Public High Schools. As a result of statistical analysis, it is shown that the

required skills of sufficient coordinators are composed of four abilities: the ability to collaborate with others, the ability to lead others, the ability to support others, and the ability to plan. It became clear, however, that most coordinators lacked confidence in their proficiency with these four abilities, which require specialized knowledge. In particular, coordinators lacked the ability to plan, especially in creating two crucial documents called the “Individual Instruction Plan”, and the “Individual Educational Support Plan”. Additionally, incompetent planning abilities negatively affect the proficiency of the three other abilities. Coordinators need to improve on their ability to plan to improve the other three skills as well.

The “Individual Instruction Plan” and the “Individual Educational Support Plan” are both documents that form the basis of reasonable considerations for students by schools. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is calling not only to create a plan, but also to implement, evaluate, and improve the planning process. However, many high schools are failing to reach this outcome, and improvements in this process are shown to develop.

In order to explain why a definite number of new nurses leave work soon after they are employed, this paper considers, by examining documents concerned, what are the relationships of new nurses with senior members acting as preceptor, and with those other seniors who are not preceptor. New nurses respect those senior preceptor nurses and are on good terms with the elders by trying to imagine themselves in senior nurses’ position, while elders put themselves in the situation where they themselves were when practicing under their own preceptors in former years. On the other hand, where they work with non-preceptor elder members, several new nurses are on bad terms with seniors, and lack respect, love, or admiration for them, sometimes becoming hostile. It is in this latter case where it is necessary to improve the situation.

In teaching practices of nursing care for grown-up patients, if you as students can improve your ways of action to perform assigned tasks and achieve goals properly, then can you get more self-efficacy? The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is any connection between the two issues.A questionnaire survey was carried out of 65 students who took adult nursing practice at Faculty of Nursing, A University. The practice evaluations of “Understand patients and their families,” “Practice nursing care to solve health problems,” “Understand nursing aids for changing patients’ way of life” and “Find nurses’ own tasks for learning” were related to awareness of students’ self-efficacy. And further, “Relationship with patients,” “Relationship with bedside training teachers,” “Relationship with instructors of coping with surrounding conditions” were related to the same category. “Relationship with patients” was related to two factors necessary for raising levels of self-efficacy: “Human relationship formation skills” and “Basic nursing skills.”

This essay is concerned with a theoretical contrast between the notions of “religion” of Kant and those of Schleiermacher, his contemporary thinker and critical reader of his treatises. In the philosophy of religion of Kant, where his “rational religion” puts forward several discussions of God, his concept of “deity” is characterized by attention to human desires and God’s support of human autonomy. On the other hand, Schleiermacher is critical of the portrayal of human beings as active, autonomous subjects; humanity is seen merely as passive and receptive. By comparing the notions of divinity of the two philosophers, this essay tries to establish two different views on the nature of “belief” in Christian religion.