The purpose of this paper is to analyze and clarify the teaching content of elementary school music courses in Mongolia by analyzing the description of music courses in the Primary Education Standards, an official guideline published in 2019. In particular, the paper discusses how physical expression activities are incorporated in music studies and shows the characteristics of physical expression in Mongolian elementary school music studies. It was found that in Mongolian elementary school music studies, the goal is to acquire targeted musical knowledge through physical expression, and that physical expression is regarded as a performance.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the factors that influence the motivation to study Japanese in an online exchange program between students of Okayama University of Science and learners of Japanese abroad, and to try to improve the program based on these factors. Questionnaire surveys of the programs were conducted, and these revealed that "self-introduction," "culture-related themes," and "small group interactions" were the three factors that motivated the participants to study Japanese. It was revealed that "lack of vocabulary" was a factor in "difficulty in speaking" and "nervousness," increasing the sense of uneasiness about interactions with Japanese speakers. To construct online exchange programs that are not just a substitution for studying abroad during Covid pandemic, but as a preparation for studying abroad and a learning opportunity to promote motivation to study Japanese, I would like to improve the program based on the factors affecting motivation to learn that were revealed in this study.

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Objectives: The self-injured person seems to have no heart, although clearly that entity is there. The purpose of this study is to investigate the apparent lack of sense of a meaningful existence in self-injured tendency people. We will also examine whether this condition relates to tendencies and characteristics of a Highly Sensitive Person (HSP), and a childhood history of low maternal validation.
Methods: We administered a questionnaire to 129 university students and obtained 127 valid responses (achieving 98.4% response rate).
Results: According to the results, lack of maternal validation negates a children’s sense of existence. In addition, lack of validation by mothers is associated with a reduction in children’s sense of importance and purpose, and propensity for cognitive errors. On the other hand, being HSPs directly increases children’s thinking errors. Our results confirmed that the two are synergistically related, and cause an increase in self-injured tendencies.
Conclusions: It is difficult for self-injured people to interact with others because they have little sense of their own existence. They appear to be apathetic and detached, as if lacking a heart. We propose that reducing and preventing self-injured behavior will require therapeutic approaches that promote enhanced interaction with others and improve psychological well-bein and a strong sense of existence.

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In this study, the author investigated the position of home economics education in the compulsory education curriculum in Mongolia and the difference between home economics education in elementary and junior high schools in Japan.
Due to the 2012 revision of the Education Law, the Mongolian school education system shifted to a five-year elementary school system, a four-year junior high school system, and a three-year high school system, i.e. the 5-4-3. In elementary schools, there was no home economics as a subject, but learning about clothing and eating habits was positioned in the subject "Art Technology" and "Health". In junior high schools, there was no home economics as a subject, but learning about clothing and eating habits was positioned in the subject "Design Techniques". We found that Mongolian home economics learning is focused on skills, compared with the content of home economics in Japan.

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This report summarizes the characteristics of skills instruction in art education (arts and crafts) in Mongolian and Japanese primary schools. Based on the Courses of Study and textbooks, this report focuses on skills and compares their learning content. The name of the subject in Mongolia is ‘art and technology ’. In Mongolian textbooks, not only skills such as how to draw and how to make things, but also how to sew and how to cook vegetables are included. It can be said that the study of technology consists of the skills necessary for formative expression and the skills necessary for daily life. In Mongolia, this subject includes a lot of learning about technology, revealing an emphasis on skills instruction.

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In this study, we aim to investigate the transformation of students in practical teaching training in “Teaching Method of Comprehensive Leaning Period”. We also aim to improve the lecture through its estimated result. As a target lecture, we selected “Teaching Method of Comprehensive Leaning Period” that was hold in the period from June to August in 2022. The final target is to improve the teaching skill and teaching understanding for students in teaching profession course. In this paper, we investigated the transformation of student after practical teaching training. In detail, examinations about teaching method of comprehensive leaning period were carried out for students before and after lectures. As an estimation method, T-test was used. As a result, it was confirmed that the students' understanding and proficiency had improved.

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