This study identifies factors that enhance the willingness to transition from Business unit-Managed IT Systems (BMIT) to IT departments-Managed IT Systems (IMIT) when utilizing SaaS within companies. When a business unit implements a BMIT without fully accounting for the characteristics of SaaS, initial costs (such as hardware) may decrease, but recurring costs (including maintenance and operational expenses) could increase dramatically, potentially leading to a significant rise in overall costs. This study constructs a hypothetical model from the perspective of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and conducts a survey within IT departments to identify factors that drive willingness to migrate to IMIT. The analysis reveals a link between high ex-post transaction costs and a greater willingness to transition from BMIT to IMIT. Specifically, this study shows that unexpectedly high maladaptation costs are significantly a significant driver for this migration.

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated an examination of the interplay between government policies and initiatives, public perceptions, and social capital in Beppu City. Using a mixed-methods approach, encompassing a systematic literature review and a comprehensive analysis of survey data, this study investigated the relationships among these variables in Beppu City. Data from 223 participants were analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique implemented in SmartPLS. Findings reveal significant correlations between government policies, social capital, and public perception, highlighting the importance of proactive policy design and community engagement. The study proposes a Social-Ecological Model for Pandemic Management (SEMPM), illustrating how government policies shape public perception and social capital, which in turn influence the effectiveness of pandemic response initiatives. The SEMPM provides a roadmap for future crisis management, emphasizing adaptive strategies, effective communication, and cross-sector collaboration to build resilience and enhance community response to crises.

The objective of this research is to elucidate the necessity of developing an ethics appropriate to the phenomena and contexts addressed in entrepreneurship and to delineate future research directions in the field of entrepreneurial ethics, which currently lacks research. To accomplish this, it is imperative to first identify which aspects of the multifaceted concepts of “entrepreneurship” and “ethics” will be the focus of this study. This research primarily examines the creation and scaling of high-technology and high-growth startups as an “entrepreneurship” phenomenon. The term “ethics” is used in the context of examining moral issues in this field, including not only normative ethics and applied ethics, which refer to the establishment of rules and the explanation of corporate scandals, but also meta-ethics. Furthermore, we delineate the characteristics of entrepreneurship. These characteristics encompass aspects such as high uncertainty, innovativeness, organizational immaturity, psychological characteristics, the power balance between startups and stakeholders, and the absence of norms. We demonstrate that numerous challenging ethical problems inevitably arise from these characteristics. Furthermore, we propose a policy to address these problems. Although this research is not a comprehensive systematic review and therefore has its limitations, it provides a foundation for future research on entrepreneurial ethics.