This presentation will clarify the formation process and present situation of the Japanese Indonesian's society in North Sumatra, Indonesia, focusing upon the relationship among them. Firstly, this shows the mutual relationship among first-generation before Japanese Indonesian's organization as a symbol of thier society was established in 1979. Secondly, this considers how the tie of first-generation has influenced the Japanese Indonesian's society.
This paper aims to discuss how the contemporary regime of environmental governance in the Philippines effects to shape the locality and subjectivity in a community. Particularly, it focuses on the crucial interconnection of environmental governance with the ideology of neoliberalism.