[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Countries worldwide are working to build inclusive education systems that are appropriate for their own circumstances. In China, where the Two-track system has been adopted, the reform of initial special education teachers is being promoted. This study investigates the characteristics of initial teacher education for special education teachers in China from the teacher competence viewpoint. Through analyzing the training objectives and requirements of the curriculum of 15 universities’ special education programs with comparison of the standards of teacher education, it was demonstrated that (1)almost all universities emphasize the competence of the professional development of future special education teachers, (2)the objectives of the undergraduate training program of special education have not clarified the requirements of competence for inclusive education clearly, and (3)the undergraduate training program in special education ignores the basic ability as a teacher for communication and moral education, which is also important for promoting inclusive education. And there are some challenging problems being faced by initial teacher education for special education teachers in China now. For instance, the undergraduate training program in special education is not based on a multistage object-oriented program, which just states the final object. Furthermore, there is no competence standard for inclusive education for teachers in different fields. The requirements for competence in inclusive education are barely part of the standards for special education teachers.

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This study analyzes case reports about occupational therapy practice of clients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities(SMID)and to examine the roles of occupational therapists regarding their relationship with special education needs of children with SMID. A literature search identified 23 cases, which were summarized into an abstract table. The main practices involved were then categorized and analyzed according to their respective life stages and ICF. Consequently, it was possible to sort out each case by the occupational therapy practice destined for infancy, school age, and adulthood stages based on their respective characteristics and trends. In all cases, the practices were found to be similar in content to special needs education toward independent living. All cases showed mutual intervention in the three functions of ICF, suggesting that the information sharing and goal setting activities performed by schoolteachers and occupational therapists are markedly good. It was considered the role of occupational therapists to provide advice and guidance on the relationship between “Body Functions and Body Structures” and “Activities and Participation,” focusing on “Mobility” in the content of guidance.

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This study examines whether family qual- ity of life(FQOL)could be improved by a collaborative approach utilizing consultation tools mainly by mail between families of children with disabilities and university faculty. The subjects were infants with autism spectrum disorders with intellectual disabilities as well as their families. The target behaviors of the subject were two behaviors : leaving the place with the door open and doing something different from the morning preparation. For these targeted behaviors, the mother improved the room environment and praised the appropriate behaviors after spontaneous behavior. The result was : Compared to baseline condition, (1)target behaviors improved.(2)The numbers of FQOL improvement items were 11 out of 25 items.(3)The mother reported the following : It became possible to communicate not only with the mother but also with the father, grandmother, and the target child. The results suggested that the procedures of the collaborative approach, which mainly utilized the consultation tool by mail, contributed to the improvement of FQOL. Future issues are :(1)Collaboration with other organizations,(2)Implementation of a community-based collaborative approach,(3)Limitations of communication by mail.

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