[in Japanese]

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the idea of the Council for Education Report for the reform in compulsory education finance system, as a part of studies on the Law for Defrayment by the Treasury of Compulsory Education Expenditure(1940). The Council for Education submitted a report for the reform in elementary school system (Kokumin Gakko) included the reform in compulsory education finance system on 8 December 1939. The relevant part of this report was as follows; "The way to pay for salaries for elementary school(Kokumin Gakko) teachers should be reformed as rapidly as possible in accordance with the principle of defrayment by National Treasury to improve teacher's status and to promote for national education." This report had three features; First, the main aim in the reform was to establish the educational rights of state. Secondly, the principle of defrayment by the National Treasury of the total amount of salaries for elementary school teachers was adopted. Thirdly, a concrete plan for the reform was not shown, because tow plans to pay for salaries for elementary school teachers were in a state of frontation, a plan of payment by National Treasury and a plan of payment by prefecture. We think that the Law for Defrayment by the Treasury of Compulsory Education Expenditure(1940) shall be related with this report.

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This study discusses the process of proliferation of educational academies led by the educational administration of the Chingmo region. Accompanying the dissemination of the modern educational system at the beginning of the 20th century in Chingmo, the Ching Dynasty established educational administrative institutions in each province and promoted the proliferation of elementary education academies for the purpose of implementing Confucius education. Since the Ching dynasty had traditionally not been involved in regional educational administration in the past, however, the costs of elementary education academies was born by the local communities despite attempts to proliferate elementary education academies led by the administration. This report therefore attempts to clarify the extent to which local communities and the public bore the costs of elementary education academies and the manner in which the proliferation of elementary education academies was promoted. The proliferation of elementary education academies by the Ching Dynasty is considered to be quite different from methods employed by other countries in that local communities and the general public were required to bear the burden of their costs. However, one way in which the method employed in China differed considerably from those employed in other countries was that a method was employed that did not attempt to instill an awareness of the burden of supporting elementary education academies. This is because school costs were compensated for not only through simple educational taxes, but taxes were also levied on certain merchants, and contributions by nobles accounted for a large proportion of the income of elementary education academies. The reason for the adoption of this method was due to the lack of economic affluence to bear the costs of elementary education academies by the general public, along with the promotion of the proliferation of elementary education academies led by the regional administration without the consent of the general public.

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