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Volume 10 (1954)
- Issue 4 Pages 217-
- Issue 3 Pages 127-
- Issue 2 Pages 65-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 10, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Hideya GamoArticle type: Article
1954 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 65-76
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe electromechanical one-way system is composed of two types of electromechanical transducers; the electrostatic and electromagnetic transducers. Compared to E. M. McMillan's one-way system unilateral at one or several frequencies, our system is unilateral at all frequencies transmitted, and it may be termed the "achromatic one-way system". A general theorem concerning the construction of an achromatic one-way system from a given antireciprocal system, or gyrator, is obtained. Namely, it can be constructed by combining the gyrator with a suitable ordinary system, satisfying the reciprocity relation, in series, series-parallel, parallel, or parallel-series connections. The gyrater part of the system is a series or parallel connection of a resistance R_1 and the gyrator. The ordinary system is a series or parallel connection of a resistance R_2 and the ordinary four-terminal which results when we express the gyrator as a cascade combination of an ideal gyrator with an ordinary four-terminal. The ideal gyrator is expressed by the equation: E_1=RI_2, E_2=-RI_1 and the coefficient R is termed the gyration resistance by B. D. H. Tellegen. (These connections are illustrated in Fig. 14. ) The resistance R_1 and R_2 are equal to the gyration resistance R. The input impedance, looked at from the terminalpair where the resistances are connected, is a constant resistance equal to the gyration resistance R for all frequencies. Since we may take an arbitrary value of the gyration resistance R, we can construct an achromatic one-way system of an arbitrary input resistance from a given gyrator. It is to be noted that we used the combined system of a resistance with the gyrator instead of the given gyrator itself as McMillan did, so that two equal resistances are generally needed, compared with one resistance in McMillan's system. The electrical four-terminal including mechanical linkage and the mechanical four-terminal including electrical linkage are treated by the same procedure. The one-way system having both electrical and mechanical terminals, that is, the electromechanical one-way transducer, needs further consideration, and will be discussed in a later paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (1070K) -
Toshihiko Ohno, Heiji KawaiArticle type: Article
1954 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 77-80
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe phase change of bone-conduction has been measured by two methods. First method is as follows; one listen a bone-conduction tone and an air-conduction tone at the same time. When these tones have the inverse phase to each other and equal intensity, then one can not perceive them. When the position of bone-conduction receiver is displaced, the corresponding phase difference is obtained from the displacement of air-conduction tone source. In the low frequencies of less than about 2000 cps, the vibration of the temple is in the inverse phase to that of the forehead, but this vibration mode is not so clear. Second method is as follows; one listen two bone-conduction tones at the same time. One of the bone-conduction receiver is displaced over the head to find the position of inverse phase. The phase of bone-conduction receiver can be reversed by the turn of switch. Thus the nodal lines of the vibration of head is obtained. In the high frequencies more than about 2000 cps, the nodal lines observed very clearly. This can be explained by the fundamental resonance of skull at about 2000 cps.View full abstractDownload PDF (390K) -
Toshihiko Ohno, Heiji KawaiArticle type: Article
1954 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 81-85
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effective volume of auditory canal has been measured with a small T form acoustic pipe. To each end of the horizontal part of the pipe are attached a small crystal earphone and a small crystal microphone, respectively; and the hole in the end of vertical part is connected closely with the auditory canal of an ear. The sound is produced by the earphone and the intensity of sound transmitted through the pipe is measured with the microphone. Next, the vertical part of the pipe is connected with the glass tube (7mm in diameter) containing the water in place of the auditory canal. By controling the height of water column we can reproduce the same out-put voltage in the microphone as that when connected with the ear. From the volume of the tube above the water column we can obtain the equivalent volume of the auditory canal. The frequency character of the effective volume has a minimum in the range between about 800 and 1200 cps. The minimum volume is about 0. 4 to 1. 0cc. In the frequency range lower than the minimum frequency the volume is almost constant and shows the personal difference (0. 9〜2. 3cc), and at the higher frequencies it is also almost constant and is about 1. 2cc. It is considered that this minimum is caused by the resonance of the middle ear mechanisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (426K) -
Jobu AwataniArticle type: Article
1954 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 85-88
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the fundamental equation of the acoustic radiation pressure is discussed. The equation, given by Kotani and King, relating to the sound pressure variation valid to the second order is examined. It is shown that, if the solution of the first order wave equation is adopted in Kotani's expression for the sound pressure the time average of this expression on the surface of the object fixed in the acoustic field, expresses the radiation pressure in the Langevinian sense. Also the expression of the radiation pressure is derived for the movable object, placed in the field freely to move by the inertia effect, by using the moving coordinates.View full abstractDownload PDF (339K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1954 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 89-90
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1954 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 91-92
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1954 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 93-95
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]Article type: Article
1954 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 96-98
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2017
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[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1954 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 99-100
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2017
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Noboru NiwaArticle type: Article
1954 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 101-110
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2017
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Ichiro Kirikae, Masazo KawamuraArticle type: Article
1954 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 110-112
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2017
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[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1954 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 113-
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (199K)
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