This study focuses on the e-commerce cluster in rural China, trying to analyze the formation factors of rural e-commerce cluster by Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). 　In China, competition in online shopping in urban areas was intense with a tendency to slow down, whereas the consumer market in rural areas is becoming increasingly huge. Thus, attention has been shifted to rural e-commerce. 　Even though the size of consumer market in rural China is huge, its location is dispersed with low intensity, and it needs to meet complexed consumer needs. As a result, it will be difficult to develop the distribution system due to the high distribution costs and low distribution efficiency. 　Over the past few years, online shopping has grown rapidly and is becoming a leading player in the rural distribution system. E-commerce cluster centered on online shopping has started in some rural areas thanks to e-commerce, such as Taobao Village. As a result, a new distribution hub centered on e-commerce cluster is being formed in rural areas. The rural e-commerce cluster is regarded as an important part of improving rural distribution efficiency. 　The existing research suggests that the rural e-commerce cluster was generated by multiple factors but did not fully analyze the combination of these factors. In this study, field survey will be conducted in e-commerce villages in Yiwu and Cao County to capture the actual conditions of the rural e-commerce clusters in detail. We will analyze the formation factors of rural e-commerce clusters by Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). The study finds that the combination of knowledge sources and logistics services plays an important and positive role in the formation of rural e-commerce clusters.

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Using data from the Chinese Household Income Project survey of 2013, we conducted an empirical study to investigate the impact of public pension on the labor supply of working-age intra-household members in China and tested three hypotheses on the issue. The conclusions drawn were as follows. First, public pension reduces the supply of working-age labor. Second, public pension has a significant negative impact on the labor supply of urban male residents and the probability of rural residents’ participation in agricultural work. Third, public pension positively affects the labor supply of working-age laborers participating in non-agricultural work; the positive effect is greater for women than for men. Fourth, public pension positively affects the labor supply of urban women with preschool children aged 0–6 years. The results suggest that the effects of public pension must be evaluated from multiple perspectives.

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Currently, the public attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR) arises as the social environmental awareness increases. This paper conducted an in-depth discussion on how consumers perceive CSR activities as a brand, and on whether its result is closely related to their acceptance of price premiums or discounts of products. Targeting Chinese consumers as the research object, the study conducted a questionnaire survey and interviews around their purchase intentions for products from companies concerned with CSR. Under various scenarios configured by a combination of four institutional factors, including corporate attitudes towards CSR, product price levels, product types, and CSR dimensions, the author rigorously analyzed the data of the impact of CSR information on consumers' purchase intentions, and clarified the Chinese consumers' current attitude towards ethical consumption. The conclusion provides accurate and effective information about decision-making of CSR localization and consumer-oriented management for foreign multinational corporations expanding in China, and enriches the theoretical perspective of ethical consumption.

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