The unsustainable consumption pattern is argued as a driving factor of the environmental loads; however, hardly any relevant quantitative results are available. Quantifying the consumer behavior is particularly required for facilitating the contemporary unsustainable consumption pattern. This paper aims at developing two types of the consumer behavior model, comprising of the linear expenditure system (LES) model and the multinomial logit (MNL) model, to analyze the individual’s consumption expenditure hierarchically in light of the changes in lifestyle. The models are validated for the case of Taiwan where the economy is growing rapidly and making dents on every phase of life. Analysis results present the structure of an individual’s consumption preferences during the study period. Mainly, the individual’s consumption expenditures on “food” and “housing” occupy the most portions in his/her subsistence level while the individual spends more on “housing,” “medicines & medical care” and “amusement & education” in his/her non-subsistence level. In addition, the consumer behavior model is coupled with the municipal solid waste (MSW) discard model, which was established in the authors’ earlier study, to consecutively estimate an individual’s consumption expenditure and the amount of his/her MSW discards by waste fraction. By using the coupled model, a more sustainable consumption pattern and lifestyle can be proposed, and the corresponding MSW management system can be planned so as to develop the sustainable lifestyle and a low-waste-discard society.

抄録全体を表示

   This paper clarifies the role of traditional fishermen communities and related changes in natural resource management of the Tam Giang Lagoon. The results of this study show that the “Van”, a traditional community of fishermen, was organized based on geographical closeness, and kinships sharing common experiences of fishing in the Tam Giang Lagoon. The “Van” were self-adjusted, its members able to manage and exploit the fisheries resources of the lagoon. Since resource management has always been associated with the “Van” communities, the government has since come to rely on the “Van” as a nucleus with which to manage the lagoon.
   The “Doi Moi”, an open-door policy initiated by the Vietnamese Government in 1986 has been fueling rapid changes in the rural society of Vietnam. The most significant change in natural resource management was the establishment of Land Law 1993 which allowed the allocation of lands to households. Consequently, resources which were previously shared by the communities around the lagoon have been changing to household ownership. This increase in private ownership has reduced the common fishing ground of the Sampan people and thus narrowed their access to the natural resources on which they based their livelihood. This is one of the major reasons behind the marginalization of the Sampan people, who have sacrificed their position of being the greatest beneficiaries of the lagoon’s resources, to being the poorest.

抄録全体を表示