[Objective] To verify the degree of gender bias among participants in disability acceptance research in Japan. [Methods] Target articles were extracted using CiNii Articles run by the National Institute of Informatics. The ratio was calculated by checking the number of articles that included the phrases “disability acceptance,” “mother,” “father,” “parent,” and “family” in the titles. In addition, the number of papers including “parent” and “family” in the subject matter was confirmed, and the differences in participants that were dealt with in the text were confirmed and compared. [Results] A total of 58 articles were extracted, with 32 addressing disability acceptance by mothers, two regarding fathers, 20 on parents, and four on family members. In 23 of the 24 articles that included “parent” and “family” in the title, the participants in the text were most commonly “mothers.” The mean percentage of participants was 84.7% mothers, 11.8% fathers, and 3.5% others. [Conclusion] The culture that emphasizes mother-child integration is deeply rooted in Japanese research disciplines, and it has become clear that experts and researchers unconsciously view mothers as the main beneficiaries of disability acceptance.

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[Objective] It is important to clarify the relationship between trunk posture change and lower limb position in predicting compensatory motion in patients with knee osteoarthritis. In this study, we investigated the effect of trunk lean motion on the position of the lower limbs during single-leg standing by measuring the mechanical axis inclination angle (MIA). [Methods] The participants included 11 healthy adult males. From the single-leg standing where the pelvis was held horizontally, the trunk was leaned in the ipsilateral and contralateral directions based on the supporting leg, and the changes in the MIA, center of mass (COM), and center of pressure (COP) were measured. [Results] The MIA during single-leg standing was strongly affected by trunk lean motion and decreased in the ipsilateral trunk lean and increased in the contralateral trunk lean. In addition, the COM was displaced in the direction of the trunk lean motion, but the position of the COP did not change. [Conclusion] The change in the MIA due to trunk lean motion considered to be the result of a postural strategy for maintaining the COP at a certain position, suggesting that the evaluation of the MIA is an important index for postural control.

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[Objective] To examine whether it is possible to grasp the work performance ability from the motor function of community-dwelling elderly individuals using the locomotorium section of the Kihon checklist. [Methods]Age, gender, the Kihon checklist, and the Occupational Self-Assessment-Short Form were evaluated. The changes in the Geriatric Depression Scale items were also measured. [Results]From the generalized linear mixed model, when the total score of the locomotor region of the Kihon checklist was five, the work performance was significantly reduced from zero to four points. [Conclusion]Using the Kihon checklist, it was clarified that the work performance ability of community-dwelling elderly individuals can be easily grasped.

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[Objective] The purpose of this study was to focus on the rubbing method in manual therapy, design and fabricate a device necessary to verify the intensity of pressure and examine its reliability and validity. [Methods] Numerical data from ten participant who performed the rubbing method were used. Thirty healthy university students were recruited as test subjects. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland Altman analysis were used to examine the reliability and validity of the device. [Results] Intra-examiner reliability was ICC (1,1) = 0.8 or better, inter-examiner reliability was ICC (2,1) = 0.7 or better; the Bland-Altman analysis showed systematic errors at the third measurement point, and the limit of agreement ranged from -2.43 to 2.79 mmHg. [Conclusion] The performance of the measurement device with a built-in sphygmomanometer manchette was acceptable for practical use.

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[Objective] This study aimed to clarify the difference in the wearing effect of carbon plate built-in shoes (carbon shoes) depending on the presence or absence of foot functions. [Methods] Healthy adults were classified according to their normal or pronated feet, and their physical characteristics, oxygen intake (running economy [RE] value), and pitch number were compared during running in both carbon shoes and non-carbon shoes. [Results] Significant differences in physical characteristics and pitch rate between the two groups were not observed, but the change in RE values with and without the carbon shoes was significantly lower in the pronated foot group than that in the normal foot group. [Conclusion] Carbon plate gain may not be obtained in people with pronated feet because the mobility and function of the ankle joints and feet are different from those of normal feet.

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[Purpose] The windlass mechanism is a phenomenon in which the medial longitudinal arch of the foot (MLA) rises due to extension of the toes. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of the load on the windlass mechanism by verifying in the sitting and standing positions using ultrasound apparatus. [Participants and Methods] The subjects were 20 university students (total, 40 feet). When the ultrasound apparatus was used, the height of the navicular (N-MLA) and medial cuneiform bone (C-MLA) were calculated. A specially made instrument was used, which made a probe move horizontally when the ultrasound was used. The toe extension angle was set to 0 °, 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 40 °, 50 ° and 60 °, and the MLA at each angle was measured. [Results] In the comparison between the sitting position and the standing position, a significant difference was observed depending on all the angles, and the standing tended to change more largely than the sitting position. [Conclusion] This paper suggested that the result of this research will be the basic data necessary for understanding the windlass mechanism.

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