The change in electric resistance (ΔR/R) of alloys of the system iron-silicon at various temperatures ranging fron-195° to 850° was measured up to 1600 oersteds by the longitudinal mangnetic fields. The specimen used was a fine wire, 0.033-0.077cm in diameter and 1.52-6.40cm in length.
It is shown that the anomaly in ΔR/R of iron at about-100°(field intensity of 1500 oersteds) displaces toward higher temperatures with the increasing addition of silicon, and then the magnitude of ΔR/R gradualy decreases in respect to silicon content. The ΔR/R of the alloys containing more than 9.43% Si at all temperatures and under any magnetic field is negative, its magnitude being especially large in alloys containing 14.60% and 16.03% Si.

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Bei Schmelzprozess kann die Aluminiumlegierung H_2' CO_2' N_2' usw. aufnehmen; dabei geschieht mit der Erstarrung die Dispersion des frei werdenden H₂ in jeden Teil des metalles, die die Entstehung der sogenannten Poren zur Folge hat.
Es gibt manche Untersuchungen über die Flussmittel gegen die Poren und Beisätze. Als Proben standen 13 Arten Verbindungen (PbCl_2' ZnCl_2' AlCl_3' S₂Cl_2' PCl_5' CdCl_2' SbCl_5' MgCl_2' NiCl_3' CrCl_3' SnCl_2' I₂ und CaBr₂) zur Verfügung. Sie sind den flüssigen typischen Legierungen, d. i. 6 Arten, Y-legierung, Nr, 12-legierung, Lautallegierung, L₅-legierung, Duralumin und Silumin (je 0.51, 1.5 u. 2% zn diesen) zugefügt worden, worauf man durch Messungen des spezifisches Gewichtes, Prüfungen mit blossen Auge, mechanische Versuche und mikroskopische Prüfungen uam. zu den Feststellungen der Poren-beseitigungsfähigkeiten dieser Flussmittel und ihrer Einflüesse auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Metalles gelangte.
Und danach zeigte sich auch, dass wir die vortrefflichen neuen Arten Flussmittel, die den bekannten gleichkommen, fanden. Wir sind ferner gewiss, dass sie nicht nur den Betrieben leicht zugänglich sind, sondern auch sie so einfaches Verfahren in Anspruch nehmen.
Folgendes sind die Einzelheiten: auf die Y-legierung wirken ZnCl_2' PCl_5' CdCl_2' SbCl₅ in gleichen Masse sehr günstig, wovon besonders SbCl₅ eben, wie TiCl_4' die Eigenschaft der Kornverfeinerung besitzt und die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Legierung bedeutend verbessert; der Nr. 12-legierung passen PCl₅ und ZnCl₂; für die Lautallegierung sind PCl₅ und CdCl₂ sehr gut; der L₅-legierung verhelfen NiCl_3' Durualmin PCl₅ und CdCl₂ am effektvollsten, Porengetahr entzugehen; der Silumin hat man schliesslich die angebliche Schwierigkeit annuliert, Poren und Schwindungshohlräume auszulöschen, indem wir in S₂Cl₂ ein ausserordentlich geeignetes Gegenmittel fand.

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Y-alloy contains Cu 4%, Mg 1.5%, Ni 2% and Al remainder. It is heat-heated and used for piston and cylinder head of internal combustion engine. Its Age-hardening phenomenon is similar to that of 24 S-type super-duralumin. From the constitutional diagram of the Al-Cu-Mg-Ni system, the age-hardening of such an alloy as Y is explained by the precipitation of a ternary compound of Al-Cu-Mg system termed “S” by the author. It is ascertained by the change of dilatation of the quenched specimen on tempering. Si must not be contained in Y-alloy, for it is detrimental to its age-hardening. If Si is contained above a certain percentage, the equilibrium relation of the alloy is displaced to the domain, where S-compound does not separate from the Al-solid solution.

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(1) The specific volume shrinkage (∂V) of the Al-Mg alloys (up to 8% Mg)•during solidification gradually increases as the content of Mg in Al but the shrinkage percent (∂V/V_l×100%) gradually decreases.
(2) In the Al-Ni system, since the primary NiAl₃ expands during solidification, the volume shrinkage of the Al-Ni alloy rapidly decreases as an addition of Ni is made to Al.
(3) The observed values of volume shrinkages of Y alloy, Duralumin, Al-Cu 3.5%-Si 4.5%, Al-Cu 3%-Si 7%, and Al-Si 8%-Zn 7%-Cu 0.8% alloys are respectively 7.76%, 6.37%, 5.89%, 3.74% and 3.49%.
(4) The relation curves between the volume shrinkages and compositions of five aluminium alloy systems (Al-Cu, Al-Si, Al-Mg, and Al-Ni Systems) have been compared.

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(1) The volume shrinkage of pure copper during solidification is 0.0050 cc 3.92% which is in good agreement with the results obtained by Dr. Endô and by Sauerwald.
(2) The volume shrinkage of Cu-Si-alloys is very small in comparison with that of the Cu-Al, and Cu-Sn systems: this is attributed to the expansion of Silicon.
(3) The volume shrinkage of Cu-Al alloys (up to 10% Al) gradually increases as the content of Al.
(4) The shrinkage of Cu-Sn alloys gradually increases up to 14% Sn (max. solidification interval alloy), and then rapidly decreases as the content of Sn. The shrinkage by the peritectic reaction in this system is very much larger than that of the Cu-Si system. This large shrinkage by the peritectic and also by δ formation from β solid solution as has been reported in the previous report is one of the causes of the defects in gun metal casting. The irreversible volume expansion by annealing of cast alloys is due to the dissolution of δ compound which exists only in the segregated state as already reported by Dr. Imai. From this irreversible volume expansion, the writer has drown a segregation diagram of the cast Cu-Sn alloys.
(5) The shrinkage of five type metals has been measured, which indicates that type metals to not expand during solidification as generally believed, but rather shrink as already reported by Dr. Matsuyama.
(6) The volume shrinkage and abnormal volume expansion at 60° during and after solidification of Bi 50% section of the Pb-Bi-Sn ternary alloys have been measured in the transformer oil bath.
This result indicated that the Bi 50% Sn 10-25% and Pb 25-40% alloys can be used not only as fusible metal, but also as model metal.

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The solubility limit of Bi in Pb is determined by the back reflection method, with a camera of Sachs-Weerts type. The latticeconstant of Pb, which is found to be 4.9413 Å at 20°, increases linearly with the addition of Bi, until Bi is saturated in the solid solution. The solubility limit thus determined is found to be 24 Wt.% of Bi at the peritectic temperature (188°) and 18 Wt.% at room temperature.

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