This study examines the effect of seasonality by utilizing original individual, household level energy intake panel dataset of three rounds of surveys from rural lowland farmers in the Central Highlands in Madagascar. Household’s food consumption revealed by 24-hour recall was converted to energy intake per person using adult male equivalent measure. We employed a fixed effects model and found that seasonally significantly affects negatively on energy intake and energy sufficiency rate during lean season. In lean season, farmers tend to substitute roots and tubers for rice, and they are more likely to depend on purchased food.

This study analyzed the factors of willingness to work or pay of the fisherfolks for managing the Atulayan Bay Marine Protected Area (MPA). The results of the study revealed that local people are willing to participate in managing the MPA. Bid level; daily cash on hand; household size; monthly income; membership in a group, association, or organization; and trust among the members of a priority organization influence fisherfolks’ willingness to participate in MPA governance. This study suggests that local governments or policymakers may strengthen organizations that can help the local people work together for MPA improvement.

This study investigates how smallholder farmers attract contracts from agribusiness firms. We focus on firm-cooperative-farmer (FCF) contract farming and examine its potential contribution to the income of smallholder rice farmers in Vietnam. We found that participation in FCF is associated with higher paddy yield, revenue, and income from rice cultivation, which is consistent with previous research on staple food crops. Furthermore, this model can be implemented in areas with severely fragmented land, such as Vietnam’s Red River Delta region.