The following three types of language problems are discussed as characteristic language disorders observed in learning disabilities: (1) Delayed language development in spite of normal or near normal IQs. (2) Semantic difficulties in pervasive developmental disorders. (3) Delayed phonological development in dyslexics. Remedial approaches to language disorders in learning disabilities should be directed to reorganize the learning strategies and using the child's strength rather than attacking his or her weakness.

View full abstract

Involuntary tongue movement has been reported, for example, in patients with oro-lingual dyskinesia. Tongue thrust is a syndrome with abnormal tongue movement, which appears only while the patient is speaking. We reported a case with tongue thrust who was a 21-year-old female student. Autogenic training and negative practice were used in an effort to reduce the symptom. At the same time the types and frequency of abnormal tongue movement were examined by the speech repetition test. The results were as follows: (1) Despite the autogenic training, the frequency of abnormal tongue movement increased, and the type in which the tongue thrusts in front of the teeth appeared 5 months after the onset of the symptom. (2) The abnomal tongue movement almost disappeared 8 months after the onset of the symptom. (3) This report does not suggest the usefulness of therapy for this syndrome.

View full abstract