The purpose of this study was to clarify the difference in condition factors between applicants to adoption and to resumption in adults. This study was conducted as a secondary analysis of the survey data on resident awareness conducted by the secretariat of the board of education of A city of H prefecture. The survey was conducted with a random sampling of 3000 men and women over 20 years of age in A city, H prefecture, between about two weeks in February 2014. The number of valid responses was 754 (25.1%). Of the 754 subjects, the analysis group consisted of 97 adoption groups and 128 resumption groups. As the explanatory variables were set as basic attributes and conditions for sports participation, the response variables were applicants to adoption and to resumption on sports participation were analyzed through Hayashi's quantification theoryⅡ. As a result, it became clear that “eras”, “ physical fitness”, “exercise / sports events”, “convenience of sports facilities” and “specialized guidance on sports and health” influence the hope of adoption and resumption of sports participation. In particular, it was found that “convenience of sports facilities” has strong characteristics on the hope to adoption, and “specialized guidance on sports and health” has strong characteristics on the hope to resumption.

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By focusing on risk management of trail running events, this study aimed to (a) identify event organizers' risk and risk countermeasures, and (b) examine these relationships between the risk and risk countermeasures. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with six event managers engaged in risk management for the trail running events. The analysis, performed using the modified-grounded theory approach, yielded three risk categories (safety, natural environment, and social risks) and four risk countermeasures (risk avoidance, reduction, transfer, and retention). Notably, safety risk was found to be associated with risk avoidance, reduction, and transfer. By contrast, natural environment and social risks were related to risk avoidance, reduction, and retention. These results offer practical implications for the risk management of participation-based sporting events including trail running events.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the invitation process of the pre-games training camp for Tokyo 2020 through the partnership agreement, focusing on relationship marketing between Toyooka City and the German Rowing Federation. We conducted a semi-structured interview with the key informant who was a city worker in charge of the pre-games training camp and the partnership agreement in Toyooka City. The main interviewed items consisted of background, decision-makers and stakeholders, content, project systems, and strategic processes. Also, we used the four-stage process model regarding relationship marketing; 1) the formation of relationship marketing, 2) management and governance of programs, 3) evaluations of program performance outcomes, and, 4) relationship evolution and enhancement (Parvatiyar and Sheth, 2000). The main results could be summarized as follows. First, Toyooka city received a partnership agreement proposal from the GRF, which stipulated that 1) Toyooka City would provide financial support to the GRF and 2) the Toyooka City logo would be placed on uniforms, training apparel, and rowing equipment of the German national rowing team. The pre-games training camp through the partnership agreements was cheaper than conventional camps. Toyooka City had a clear objective of increasing inbound, so the partnership agreement was easy to accept the understanding of their citizens and parliament. Second, it was revealed that this new form of camps builds the relationships besides sport. To be specific, it was confirmed the economic impact in the tourism industry. Lastly, Toyooka City not only intends to sustain its relationship with Germany after 2020, but it will also try to bid for international competitions such as the World Championships. These strategies will maximize the value of the pre-games training camps.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the coordination and cooperation among university-based community sport clubs (UCSCs), university, and community in accordance with the regional triple helix model. Data from representatives of three UCSCs were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews. The UCSCs' developmental processes were explained from the perspectives of knowledge space, consensus space, and innovation space. Furthermore, the relationship between the UCSCs, university, and community was examined from hard, soft, and human perspectives. As a result, a “consensus space” was formed during the founding phase of the UCSC's, and the UCSC's developed through the expansion of the “knowledge space” and “innovation space” around human resources in the university. The results indicate that with respect to the cooperation between UCSCs and the university, the latter provided its campus with sports facilities free of charge for the UCSCs' activities. Furthermore, the human resources at the university were also shared with UCSCs. However, UCSCs were utilized as places for practical student education. In relation to the cooperation between UCSCs and the community, local residents were involved in UCSCs as management staff and/or coaches. With respect to the cooperation between the university and community, the campus sports facilities were opened to the residents in the community as part of the university's social contribution. Moreover, various sport events were held at the university for local residents. In conclusion, this study revealed that the cooperation among the triple helix can lead to the development of UCSCs by working with them toward the common purpose of community development.

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