Event leveraging implies that if an event is expected to deliver the espoused benefits, a more strategic approach, which considers in advance how host communities can derive sustainable legacy from the event, must be adopted. A previous study has reported extensive findings of how a single city-based international sporting event can impact the host community. However, such impact has not been verified for a wide-area sporting event involving multiple cities; moreover, research on small host cities is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the formation process of community capacity in the pre-event staging of the 「World Masters Games 2021 Kansai (WMG2021)」. To overview current projects and the cooperation status between related organizations in host cities, we conducted document research and interviews with key informants of each organization. We observed that a wide-area sporting event facilitated cooperation between the public and communal sectors, not only during the bidding stage (Stage1) but also during the transition to the hosting selection stage (Stage2) and operational preparation stage(Stage3), combining community capacity (Level of skills and resources, Nature of social relations, Structures, mechanism, and spaces for community dialog, Leadership, Civic participation, Value system, and Learning culture), and actively developing a convention preparation project. The findings of this study suggest that small host cities that are planning to organize a wide-area sporting event have established a cooperative system with the host cities, beginning from the bidding stage. Furthermore, with the transition to the preparatory stage (Stage 3), the public, private, and combined sectors cooperate to combine community capacity for achieving their predetermined strategic goals. Additionally, findings implied that event stakeholders were mutually sharing strategies for creating a sustainable local legacy to the host city from pre-event stages

  The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of spectators' satisfaction at track and field events based on place attachment, event image, and local image. The research method comprised a preliminary survey conducted at the Japan Track and Field Grand Prix Series at Izumo, while the primary survey was administered at the Japan Track and Field Grand Prix Premier in Hiroshima. Data were collected from 351 spectators, with a response rate of 92.0%. The final analysis was performed on 248 questionnaires. The respondents were spectators living in the Hiroshima prefecture. The measurement scale utilized for this investigation adopted overall spectator satisfaction, local image, event image, and place attachment. The items that converged in the preliminary survey were adopted in the main survey and analyzed by structural equation modeling. As a result of hypothesis testing, overall satisfaction in a game was found to exert a positive effect on the event image and on the local image. The event image had a positive effect on the local image, and the local image had a positive effect on place attachment. Therefore, spectators of the resident host enhance attachment to the hosting region through the improvement of the event image and the local image of spectators.

  Due to the extraordinary circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Masters Games 2021 Kansai as well as the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games have been postponed for a year. To re-energize the Masters Games culture after the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, this study aimed to examine similarities and differences in constraints and constraint negotiation of Japanese Masters Games participants across the subjective typology. The subjective typology consisted of the following four groups of Masters Games participants: Games Competitor (high fun-orientation and high competition-orientation), Games Enthusiast (high fun-orientation and low competition-orientation), Serious Competitor (low fun-orientation and high competition-orientation), and Novice (low fun-orientation and low competition-orientation). An online survey was conducted and usable data were collected from 449 Japanese who participated in masters games within the last three years. The results of importance-performance analysis, analyses of variance, and multiple comparisons indicated that (a) no significant differences in constraints were identified across Games Competitors, Games Enthusiasts, Serious Competitors, and Novice, and (b) Games Competitors utilized psychological and physical negotiation strategies more than Novice. These results suggest that unlike the objective typology, the subjective typology discerns differences in constraint negotiation. These insights can be utilized for the development of effective segmentation marketing for Masters Games promotion activities, which is expected to contribute to the success of the World Masters Games 2021 Kansai after the COVID-19 pandemic.

  In recent years, the community development through sports is one of the good strategies to attract tourists from outside a community. This strategy of sports event needs to consider with not only the places for sports event, but also tourism management for sports tourist as host city.

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sport event satisfaction and place attachment. This study was focused on the cycle sport event in Okinawa.

  Data were collected from 241 cycle sport event participants, and valid responses were received from 270 respondents. The sample consisted of 221 males (91.7%) and 20 females (8.3%), most of whom came from the local prefecture (n = 47, 19.5%) and the other prefectures (n = 194, 80.5%).

  In terms of data analysis, this study investigates the effect of residence area (inside or outside of host prefecture) and the number of participation (first time or repeat attendance) toward behavioral intention via sports event satisfaction and sports event attachment.

  The result reported there are some difference factors effect in residence area and the number of participations for repeat intention. The results can contribute sports event management for community development through cycling event. The future research needs to study the level of involvement for activity and consider with some other factors such as life satisfaction.