Factors affecting choice of nest type were examined in the Rufous Turtle Dove, Streptopelia orientalis, dividing nest re-use into two types; re-use of a nest previously used by itself and a nest never used by itself before. New nests were used in 47.4% of all breeding attempts, old-not previously used nests in 10.9%, and old-previously used nests in 14.1% (n= 192). Breeding outcomes at each nest type were not significantly different. The dove chose an old nest after a new nest, vice versa, and chose an old-not previously used nest at a long distance from the preceding nest site. The distance of nests in two successive breedings for a pair was longer after an unsuccessful breeding. In two successive breedings at a nest, either member of a pair was the same 37.3%, or both were different 34.8% (n=69) of the time. The preceding breeding success was significantly lower when the users at a nest had changed than when they had not changed. However, no significant difference in the outcome of the next breeding was detected. These results showed that the preceding breeding experiences, such as breeding success and nest type, were important in the choice of the following nest type, though the choice did not affect the following breeding outcome. Since old-previously used nests and old-not previously used nests were chosen after different breeding experiences, it is considered that the Rufous Turtle Dove distinguishes these two types of old nests.

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A study on nest-site characteristics with reference to breeding success in the Black-billed Magpies Pica pica sericea was carried out from 1979 to 1983 in the south of Saga City, Japan. Although the density of nests was much higher in the residential areas than in croplands, there was no active preference to nest near human habitations. Utility poles were most used for nesting (46%), and Celtis sinensis (16%), Diospyros kaki (9%), Cinnamomum camphora (6%), and Pinus thunbergii (4%) followed it. There was not any preference either for utility poles, for certain tree species or for evergreen trees. The breeding success was lower in Diospyros than other major tree species. Breeding started earlier and breeding success was higher at nests on taller trees. Tall trees (≥_ 8m) accounted for 92% of 118 nest trees in the residential areas, and 46% of 13 nest trees in croplands. .Although the magpies build their nests on most available tree species, they may prefer tall trees for nesting which are often in short supply outside the residential areas.

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Feeding behaviour and territoriality in the Little Egret Egretta garzetta were studied during 1990-1991 in two differrent feeding habitats, lotusfields (37°31′N, 138°52′E), and a river (37°39′N, 139°16′E), in central Japan. There was an intimate relationship between feeding methods and the mobility of prey. Large fish, whose mobility were high, were caught with "stand and wait" tactics. Middle fish, whose mobility were moderate, were caught with "walking" tactics in particular with the techniques of "chasing" type. Small fish, crayfish and loach, whose mobility were low, were caught with "walking" tactics (in particular with the techniques of "not-chasing" type). In the lotusfields, egrets established long-term feeding territories. The boundaries of these territories were very distinctive. I termed these territories "lotusfield type territory". In the river, egrets did not establish "lotusfield type territory". But the egrts that used "stand and wait" tactics excluded others nearby them. I termed these exclusive areas "river type territory". These territories maintained for a short period. These two types of feeding territories in each study area were discussed with reference to prey types and feeding habitat.

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