Strawberries were harvested 1–21 days after pesticide application, and pesticide residues in the strawberries with stems were analyzed. Five pesticides were found to be lower than the maximum residue level in Taiwan after 1 day of application. A positive correlation was observed between the application mass and the residue level after 1 day of application. If the predicted residues of a pesticide after 1 day of application, based on the amount of application, were less than the maximum residue level in Taiwan, the pesticide was considered to be suitable for use in strawberries for export to Taiwan.

We developed a quantitative assessment method for aquatic ecological risks from pesticides under conventional and special paddy-rice cultivation (CONV and SP) or with the implementation of various techniques to reduce pesticide runoff from paddy fields. Predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of the pesticides in a watershed were calculated using the PADDY-Large model. The multi-substance potentially affected fraction (msPAF) of pesticides was estimated using the computation tool for cumulative ecological risks (NIAES-CERAP). The insecticide msPAF of 0.5% for the SP was lower than that of 16% for the CONV. Meanwhile, the herbicide msPAF of 20% for the SP was higher than that of 14% for the CONV. The overall PAF of 10% for the CONV was decreased to 7% for the SP with the decrease in the number of pesticides used. The overall PAF of 6% for the CONV under a regulated low drainage and seepage condition was as much as that for the SP.

In addition to the test results of acute toxicity, eye irritation, skin irritation, skin sensitization, and reversion mutagenicity published in the Journal of Pesticide Science in 1993, various toxicity tests were conducted to evaluate safety. Regarding skin sensitization, it was considered to be a non-sensitizing substance. The acute toxicity to carp was> 100 mg/L for a 96-hr LC₅₀ and 100 mg/L for a maximum no-effect concentration. In the acute toxicity test for Daphnia, the 48-hr EC₅₀ was 33 mg/L, and the maximum no-effect concentration was 18 mg/L. In the algal growth inhibition test, the EbC₅₀ (72 hr) value of warfarin was 15 mg/L, the ErC₅₀ (0 to 72 hr) value was 34 mg/L, and the maximum no-effect concentration was 6.47 mg/L.

In addition to the test results of acute toxicity, subacute toxicity, eye irritation, skin sensitization, and mutagenicity published in the Journal of Pesticide Science in 1992, various toxicity tests were conducted to evaluate safety. The skin sensitization was positive, suggesting a sensitizing substance. The acute toxicity to carp was> 1.8 mg/L for a 96-hr LC₅₀ and 1.8 mg/L for a maximum no-effect concentration. The acute toxicity to Daphnia was> 1.8 mg/L for EC₅₀ for 24 and 48 hr, and the maximum no-effect concentration was 1.8 mg/L. In the algal growth inhibition test, the EbC₅₀ (72 hr) value was 1.8 mg/L, and the ErC₅₀ (0 to 72 hr) value was> 1.5 mg/L. In a single oral administration study in Japanese quail, there were no dead animals, and the toxic effect was transient and mild.