Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is an uncommon benign mesenchymal tumor with a predilection for women of childbearing age. It occurs predominantly in the vulva, perineum, and pelvic region. AAM typically infiltrates surrounding tissue and rarely causes distant metastases. Herein, we report a case of AAM that was found on health screening. A 50-year-old woman had been aware of the growth of a tumor in her left external genitalia that had been found on medical examination 10 years earlier. The tumor was suspected to be AAM based on imaging findings. We performed surgical resection, and the tumor was diagnosed as AAM by pathological examination. Most previous studies on AAM have been reported by gynecologists; however, plastic surgeons may also encounter AAM, as demonstrated in the present case. We recommend that AAM should be a differential consideration for patients with mesenchymal tumors.

 Osteoma cutis is a rare benign lesion characterized by bone formation within cutaneous or soft tissue. To date, no cases of these lesions in the fingers that fused with normal bone have been reported. Herein, we report a rare case in which the lesion fused with the phalanx bone, hindering preoperative diagnosis. A 16-year-old woman presented with a slowly enlarging nodule on her right ring finger. Plain radiography revealed an indistinct lesion partially fused with the middle phalanx. The lesion was surgically removed, and histopathological examination revealed mature bone, leading to a diagnosis of osteoma cutis. Subsequently, we suspected abnormal parathyroid function and deduced that prolonged contact between the osteoma cutis and the phalanx had resulted in fusion in the limited space on the lateral side of the finger. Our findings highlight an important differential diagnosis when examining osseous lesions of the fingers.

 Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), which derive from Schwann cells, account for approximately 7% of malignant soft tissue tumors. More than half of MPNSTs are associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Herein, we report a patient with NF1 who experienced malignant transformation of a neurofibroma and was treated with pericranial flap reconstruction after repeated excisions. The patient was a 73-year-old woman who first noticed a cutaneous tumor in the frontal region when she was 58 years old. Following the initial excision, the tumor continued to recur, leading to a total of three excisions. The histopathologic diagnosis was neurofibroma in all instances. At the age of 73, the patient required another resection. Pathology results revealed MPNST with malignant transformation of the neurofibroma. After extensive subperiosteal resection and confirmation of negative margins, reconstruction using a pericranial flap and two-stage full-thickness skin grafting were performed with satisfactory results.

 Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by hepatic vein or inferior vena cava obstruction, resulting in portal hypertension and varicose veins in the lower limbs. Herein, we report a 39-year-old male with a chronic lower-leg ulcer that was initially suspected to be a venous ulcer. Venous ultrasonography revealed central venous obstruction, based on which Budd-Chiari syndrome was diagnosed. Due to the complexity of revascularization, conservative management with compression bandaging was performed, which effectively controlled the patient's venous pressure. This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive examination of the ulcer, abdomen, and contralateral limb, as a localized approach may not always facilitate optimal healing.

 Mirror hand is an extremely rare congenital anomaly of the upper extremity, characterized by duplication of the ulna, absence of the radial ray, and polydactyly. Herein, we report a case of a girl with eight fingers on her left hand. Plain radiography of her left forearm revealed two ulnae and no radii. Pollicization surgery was performed at 1 year and 6 months, and wrist arthroplasty at 12 years of age. The elbow joint did not require surgery, and the range of motion improved as the patient grew. We report the course of treatment over 15 years with a literature review.