The purpose of this study was to focus upon the effect of how habituation to removable prosthodontics had upon the pH curve of saliva.
An experimental palatal plate was inserted into 23 subjects with natural dentition for a period of three days. The saliva samples were obtained during the resting period before the insertion of the palatal plates at 1, 2, and 3 days with the palatal plates in place as well as 2 hours and 1 day after removal of the palatal plate. Each of the saliva samples were collected on a sampling sheet, with the pH being measured for a 15 minute period with the use of a plastic coverslip to block the volatilization of CO₂ during the first minute. The pH values of the assayed samples were categorized into the following 3 stages; 1) Early pH Stage (pH1)-pH value measured after 1 minute, 2) Initial pH Differentiation Stage (DpHI)-pH value measured after 5 minutes minus the pH value of pHl, 3) Later pH Differentiation Stage (DpHL)-pH value measured after 15 minutes minus the pH value of DpHI.
A t-test was used to calculate differences from the respective control values and the average values of each stage obtained from 6 sessions. Furthermore, the subjects were asked whether they felt any physical disorder or problems in pronunciation by the experimental palatal plate during the session by a visual analogue scale (VAS).
1. In comparison to the control, the DpHI and the absolute value of pHL decreased after insertion of the experimental palatal plate, and began to recover to the original state after its removal.
2. Subjective VAS analysis revealed physical discomfort or problems in pronunciation to be similar to that of the DpHI stage.
3. These findings suggest that analysis of the pH curve of saliva, Particularly in the DpHI stages, can be a useful index in determining the extent of habituation to a palatal plate.

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In the present study, we examined how Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) affected the living body by means of a psychological questionnaire and a comparison actual feelings and biochemical changes.
17-OHCS was singnificantly increased by IMF (p <0.05), however there was not any significant changes in catecholamine. 17-OHCS was suggested to reflect stress by IMF. But there was no correlation between feelings and a change in 17-OHCS.

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It is said that a habit of complete mastication, chewing thoroughly, is related to longevity and health, whereas incomplete mastication, not chewing completely, may contribute to poor health. The purpose of this study was to clarify the actual relationship between masticatory habits and systemic health from an epidemiological standpoint.
Questionnaires were administered to 1, 959 male students and 1, 932 female students at senior high schools in Naha City and its suburbs in Okinawa Prefecture. This questionnaire inquired about eating. chewing habits and overall health.
Complete and incomplete masticatory habits were recorded using an examination chart of masticatory habits and an evaluation chart of masticatory patterns. The examination chart and evaluation chart were prepared by Miyako of the Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University. The analysis of epidemio-logical data from the survey was performed at the Electronic Computer Center of Fukuoka University. Conclusions:
1. Complete mastication was observed in 31% of male and 39% of female senior high school students surveyed. Incomplete mastication was observed in 69% of male and 61% of female senior high school students. Thus, a majority of students of both sexes exhibited patterns of incomplete mastication.
2. Factors which were found to predispose to masticatory habits included presence of teeth, desire for mastication, fatigue from mastication, attitudes concerning importance of mastication, frequency of mastication, time of meals.
3. Regional differences in masticatory habits were found throughout Japan. Students from Okinawa Prefecture had the highest incidence of complete mastication whereas students from Kyoto exhibited the lowest incidence of complete mastication.
4. The relationship between masticatory habits and systemic health revealed that students exhibiting complete mastication tended to have better overall health while those who exhibited incomplete mastication tended to have poorer overall health.

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It is important for pediatric dental treatment that we develop rapport with not only the child patients but also their mothers. For that reason it is essential that dentists obtain the ability to communicate with mothers taking their children to dental offices. In the Japanese dental educational system, however attention is focussed on the cognitive domain and the psychomotor domain, and is not focussed on the affective domain. This little interpersonal skill training is conducted in Japan. The purpose of this case report is to show the process and the effect of behavioral science training in communicating with a mother. The subject was a first year dentist of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hiroshima University. In the first step, she heard a lecture concerning communication skills with mothers. She was provided brief descriptions of 10 problem situations. The second step was she received the individual videotaped feedback. The process of actual communication with the mother was recorded on videotape. She watched the replayed process, and the situation was discussed with some members. A prior ground rule stipulated that all feedback was to be positive. The individual problem in the communication was to be found by herself. The third step was role-playing related to the problem. The aim of this training was spontaneous behavior modification based on positive reinforcement. The training was given over a two-week period. She was examined by the Confidence Scale in Communication with Mother before and after the training. She also did the questionnaire conceming the effect of the training. The following conclusions were obtained.
1. The problem of the communication with the mother was clearfied and settled through the training.
2. The dentists total confidence score after the training was higher before the training.
3. The questionnaire concerming the effect of the training showed a high score.
We came to the conclusion that behavioral science training to communicate with the mother was very effective for their first year dentist.

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Patients react to stimuli (visual, tactile and imitative treatment stimuli) in the dental clinic caused by engines, turbines and syringes. By classifying the GSR (Galvanic Skin Reflex) wave pattern changes caused by such reactions, and comparing the percentile values of disposition characteristics based on an examination of each GSR wave pattern and the individual disposition of children, a study was made of the relationship between the GSR reaction change patterns and disposition characteristics. To record the GSR wave, we used a polygraph (8 channels, Nihon-Koden).
A total of 53 outpatients of our department of pediatric dentistry aged 4 to 12 agreed to be subject for this research after its purpose was explained to them and their guardians. Of these 19 were preschool children while younger and older primary school children numberd 18 and 16 respectively. There were 24 boys and 29 girls.
1) Ranking of the GSR change patterns caused by each piece of dental equipment (engine, turbine, syringe) showed a very high correlation.
2) Reaction for each piece of equipment was at a low level for both visual and tactile but very strong for imitative treatment reaction in the “later increase” type of patient, of which there were many.
3) Children with a favorable character were those who showed change patterns of “no changes” type, “same change” type, “increase” type and “later increase” type.
4) Disposition factors having the closest relationship to the GSR change patterns were those of exposure, tendency towards anxiety, retiring and independent types.

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This study describes a case of depressive syndrome for which the antidepressant and classical antianxietic drugs prescribed elsewhere had proven ineffective, but which improved when using the some antianxiety drugs, principally flutoprazepam, during a course of dental therapy at the clinic of the author.
Patient: 58 year old woman (married), independent practice.
First examination: July 3, 1994.
Chief complaint: Dull pain in upper molars, marked fatigue, lumbago and insomnia
History of present illness: The patient complained of depression, the inability to work and sleeplessness due to cohabitation with her single daughter and her daughter's boyfriend. She had received benzodiazepine hypnotic and antianxiety drugs and also an antidepressant drug at a specialists of psychiatric clinic for such disturbances for a period of two years. she had an given insufficient psychosomatic counseling, however, and the syndrome had not improved.
Status praesens: During the first period in the clinic of the author, she sometimes laid on the sofa of the waiting room due to marked fatigue and lumbago, while waiting to receive therapy from the author. However, her main disturbances, including caries affection were not marked, with the exception of hypertension. This was revealed in both physiological and biochemical examinations. In SRQ-D questioning, she scored 24, suggesting a masked depressive or depressive-neurotic state. The author advised her to stop taking the drugs prescribed at the previous psychiatric clinic, and counseled her repeatedly to accept and bear with her complaint, reassuring her that the sickness would heal, for about one hour once or twice every month. The author also continued dental therapy with great care during the period. Lorazepam was administered for three weeks but proved ineffective and then bromazepam for four weeks. This improved the hypertension but did not help so obviously with the other disturbances. Flutoprazepam, on the other hand, the after-drug, improved them considerably. The patient has since met her daughter several times. The current result of SRQ-D questioning, as of October, 1995, is 5, which suggests a normal state. Flutoprazepam administration is being continued at a minimum dosage.

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We report on the use of integrative management during oral treatment on patients who are extremely afraid of such treatment and experience an intense gagging reflex.
Case 1: 21 years old male (171cm in height, 55kg in weight)
This patient had been afraid of receiving dental treatment since being forcibly restrained during treatment as a child. He experienced on intense gagging reflex during oral treatment and had not received such treatment since childhood. Under intravenous sedation with midazolam, however his gagging reflex was blocked and oral treatment proceeded without incident.
Case 2: 19 years old male (175cm in height, 65kg in weight)
This patient had developed the neurosis after faileing his university entrance examinations, and since then had received 7 kinds of drugs, including major tranquilizer. He had a nervous personality, had became introverted and he was always uneasy and fearful. His nausea increased when he opened his mouth unless he constantly put candy into his it. His fear prevented us from conducting oral examination. For the oral treatment on his second visiting we applied us intravenous sedation with midazolam, but this did not block his gagging reflex. However, with the addition of fentanyl, oral treatment then proceeded smoothly. On the third visiting, we attempted sedation with only of fentanyl, but his condition worsened in the middle of the oral treatment. Consequently, we discontinued treatment after administering naloxone. Upon returning home, the patient suffered severe nausea through midnight and to return to the hospital. We administered oxygen some drugs but is syndrome was not alleviated, perhaps due his disposition. He was subsequently transferred to a psychiatric hospital.
We used intravenous sedation with midazolam and fentanyl to control the gagging reflex but as it turned out, it appears that general anesthesia would have been more appropriate. However the use of general anesthesia for a markedly psychotic or neurotic patient may entail the risk of creating dependence or even of sudden death. On other hand, since the control of symptoms in the conscious state acts in a kind of psychosomatic manner, there is a psychological advantage. On balance the use of general anesthesia should be kept to a minimum. From the present cases, we conclude that variousy approaches should be considered, in including both anesthesia and the use of narcotic drugs for outpatients.

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Small number of patients experiencing pain associated with the organic problem of pericoronitis of third molars have been found to exhibit many characteristics of nonorganic (psychogenic) pain. The object of this study was to evaluate whether the characteristics of pain from pericoronitis of third molars should have an “organic” or “nonorganic” pain based on the intensity and nature of the pain as well as psychosocial factors. The determination was made using an organic vs nonorganic pain classification checklist developed by this department. The results revealed that many patients experiencing pain associated with pericoronitis of the third molars exhibited characteristics of organic pain. It was also found that some patients, whose complaints had many nonorganic pain characteristics, exhibited organic pain characteristics in at least one states with pain.
It was concluded that when pain in an organic disease is verbally expressed, even if the complaint has the characteristics of nonorganic pain, or if the patient has associated psychosocial factors, it should not be immediately diagnosed as a psychogenic manifestation.
Accurate evaluation of the patient's complaint and careful examination of the organic lesion are important.

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We have proposed that the management of serious psychosomatic TMJ disorder should be undertaken in a hospital environment where the patient can be fully investigated and the response to medication and psychotherapy monitored.
This is not only because they are too tired to do anything but also they wander about many hospitals having wrong conviction that occlusion is the cause of many systemic disorders.
To release the oral function from this pathological attention of brain, we reduce their symptoms by antidepressants without dealing with their occlusion. In this process, we take a psychotherapeutic method to make them notice their changes to understand that occlusion had nothing to do with patient's symptoms.
A 34-year old man, complaining of TMJ disorder and systemic fatigue and many symptoms, was shown as a case example in the process of improvement of wrong conviction.
Once he came to our department, but was lost to follow-up, and wandering many hospitals including neuro-pcychiatry. 8 months after the last visit, the patient came to our hospital again for admission.
In the process of therapy, constant stimuli were provided to patients in the therapeutic frame, in which the therapist tried to maintain an emotionally steady attitude toward him and gave active support to his healthy mind, through stable and proper comments without being affected by perpetual and entrapping inciation of his ill mind.
Comstancy not only in psychological stimuli but also bodily sensation was evaluated as one of the most important factors for the cure of the disorders. Psychosomatic therapy by the dentist made it possible for this patient to resusciate his own bodily (especially oral) perseption.

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The subjects were 19 children ranging from 5 years and 3 months to 11 years and 9 months in age who visited the department of pediatric dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, School of Dentistry at Niigata. For this study, we produced test images by videotaping them during treatment with a visicon eye camera. The test images recording with images of a dentist, a hygienist, and the child subject's mother throughout it, which is an imitation of the field of vision of a child from lying on his back in the dental chair during treatment, and concerning voice, in the beginning of the recording, “Okuchi wo aite (Open your mouth)” was asked by the dentist, a moment later “Iiko ni shitene (Be good)” was said by mother, and then “Ganbattane (Hang in there)” was said by the dental hygienist.
We took it that the children are receiving audio-visual stimulus while they are being addressed, and measured their eye movements with the aid of the eye camera during this period. By means of visicon eye camera, we recorded the child subjects' eye movements when the voices were let out. The subjects who scanned three talking persons were classified as scanning group, or else non-scanning group.
To make certain if there is any personality traits in the two groups, we performed Hayashi's quantification theory type II multivariate analysis and examined the measurements of eye movements in comparison with the Takagi-Sakamoto juvenile personality inventory.
The findings are as follows.
1. According to the result of Hayashi's quantification theory type II, The correlation ratio was 0.701: the discriminant ratio was 94.7% and the discriminant point was -0.127.
2. Among the Takagi-Sakamoto juvenile personality inventory, the items of self-control, self-assertiveness, nervosity and adaptability to school life had effects on the eye movement.
3. Concerning personality traits, the partial correlation coefficient of 0.700 over was showed between self assertiveness and nervosity, nervosity and autonomy, anxious tendency and sociality, self-contrl and personal stability, respectively.
The result of analyses revealed that there are some personality traits in the scanning group and the non-scanning group.

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