In the production of high strength steel, it is important to achieve accurate temperature control during and after rolling. However, if the transformation of the steel occurs, it is required to make adjustments on cooling corresponding to the heat generated with the phase transformation. This paper introduces a simple transformation model, which estimates the start and the end of the transformation and the heat generated according to the progress of phase transformation. This procedure for estimating phase transformation can achieve more precise temperature control in steel manufacturing.
Mixing and entrainment of vertical bubbly plumes with 4 vaious types of air injection nozzles have been evaluated by simultaneous velocity-temperature measurements. Local velocity and temperature have been measured by a Laser Doppler Velocimetry(LDV) and thermistor probes respectively. The porous plug nozzle, which generates swarm of small bubbles, produces smaller scalar fluctuation and less contributes mixing and entrainment than any other nozzles. The work quantifies the expected tendency that the mixing is improved by the larger velocity fluctuations produced by bigger bubbles.