We have, in this paper, presented a relationship between head trauma and skull / intracranial injury, showing with the CT scan, 3D-CT, and Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging of pediatric cases experienced in our children’s hospital. The typical kinds of pediatric skull fractures, including depressed fracture, suture dehiscence, and penetrating head injury, are discussed with the cause of skull structure and bony material. And the representative intracranial hematomas are introduced with the bleeding mechanism caused by external force. Finally, the specific findings of abused cases on CT scan, which is called as “diffuse brain swelling” probably resulted from shaken baby syndrome, are exhibited. With the continuous analysis of accumulated cases suffered from the specific fractures and injuries in children caused by head trauma, we are looking forward to constructing an appropriate simulation for the mechanical experiment.

There are two ways to reduce the damage caused by traffic accidents: preventive safety and crash safety. In the case of crash safety, data obtained from crash tests are important. This paper reports on crash tests on children's bicycles, a priority issue in traffic accident prevention, and the findings on head injuries in traffic accidents. The position of the head in contact with the vehicle influences the cyclist's injury in a collision with a car. When a bicycle collides with the edge of a car, the cyclist's head makes contact with a highly rigid member. This causes serious injury to the cyclist. If the cyclist's head makes contact with the center of the hood, which is easily deformed, the direct blow to the head is less damaging. However, the rotation of the head during a collision with a car may result in brain damage. In order to consider traffic injuries, it is important to evaluate multiple indicators rather than just one.

Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is the most common surgical treatment for jaw deformity patients. In the pre-operative planning of SSRO, it is desirable to perform 3D contact analysis of the temporomandibular joint. The purpose of this study is to develop the pre-operative planning assistance framework in order to perform the 3D contact analysis more easily. This framework includes an automated segmentation sub-module, a 2D-3D conversion sub-module for occlusal power zone, and the 3D contact analysis sub-module. In the experiments, we performed a retrospective evaluation with 8 patients and confirmed the usefulness of the proposed framework.

Quantitative evaluation of mechanical properties of the human body has assumed significance in the medical and nursing care fields in Japan. Therefore, the study the material properties of the soft tissues of the skin for the prevention and countermeasure for skin damage. In this study, participants included 30 puerperal women who gave birth by vaginal delivery and whose infants were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. A comparison was made between the 2 groups with 15 women each (experimental and control group). The intervention consisted of providing a Ashiyu to the experimental group. Puerperal breast tension due to strain was measured quantitatively by measuring skin strain. The physiological changes in the breast (puerperal breast tension) associated with the enhancement of lactation function during the postpartum period and the amount of puerperal breast tension due to the intervention of Ashiyu could be quantitatively grasped by skin strain.

In recent years, the aging of society has led to a shortage of labor force and other social problems. As a solution to this problem, we propose the development of non-powered assist device. In order to prevent stumbling, which is a major cause of falls in the elderly, the non-powered assist device increases the foot clearance by generating a torque that promotes dorsiflexion at the ankle joint during the stance phase, thereby preventing stumbling. The non-powered assist device was found to be effective in reducing the risk of falls in the elderly on flat roads, but the effect in everyday walking environments such as slopes and stairs has not been verified. In addition, since no analysis using a simulator has been conducted, the accuracy of the results cannot be said to be high. Therefore, in order to evaluate the adaptability of the non-powered assist device on flat roads, slopes, and stairs, we conduct walking experiments on these three walking environments, and compare and verify the walking parameters between assisted and unassisted walking using musculoskeletal simulator.

The purpose of this study is to contribute to improving the quality of industrial and medical products by clarifying human movements in daily life. To measure human movements in a living environment, it is necessary not to be burdened when wearing a device. For that reason, this study developed a wearable measurement device that can measure and record data consistently. This device was designed to have the fewest parts possible: a sensor, a recording and control circuit, a flash memory, and a lithium-ion battery. When using the lithium-ion battery with a voltage of 3.7 V and a capacity of 700 mAh, the device can operate for more than 48 h. Additionally, the developed device was attached to the wrists of the participants, and the arm movement was measured continuously for about 24 h. The device was removed when there were problems in their life, and that time is also included in the measurement time. A total of 30 measurement data were collected from 10 participants (3 times per participant). In the data analysis, the results of acceleration, angular velocity, and quaternion output by the measurement device were analyzed respectively.

An efficient and robust method for deriving the stress-strain relationship of hyperelastic material model (HM model) was proposed via complex-order differential approximation. This method has a capability to calculate the stress strain relationship with the same accuracy as the analytical solution by coding only the strain energy density function, being applied for the implementation of an identification program of material constants for HM-model using a Microsoft/Excel. The performance evaluation of HM-models (Yeoh, Ogden, Yaya & Bechir and Stumpf & Marczak models) using this method revealed that all models could reproduce the results of the three types of material tests (uniaxial tensile (UT), pure shear (PS) and equibiaxial tensile (BT) tests) of carbon-black–filled SBR. Moreover, only the hyperelastic model composed of the first invariant of the right Cauchy-Green tensor could predict the PS and BT test results from the UT data.

Blood flow is important biological information, and noninvasive and highly accurate blood flow measurement has been required. The blood flow measurement method using near infrared light and visible light has little influence on the human body, so it can be expected to be applied to daily health management. Speckle is one of the measurement methods using light, there are studies on the measurement of the flow velocity and estimation of the static layer thickness corresponding to the blood vessel depth using laser speckle. A simultaneous estimation method of the fluid layer thickness and the flow velocity by using the laser speckle information of two wavelengths of 420 nm and 780 nm has been proposed. However, laser light with a short wavelength such as 420 nm has a large energy and is not suitable for irradiating the skin on a daily health check. In this study, a method for separating fluid layer thickness and flow velocity information using infrared laser speckles with two wavelengths of 780 nm and 850 nm was proposed. In addition, the relationship between the fluid layer thickness and the flow velocity and the laser speckle change was investigated, and the usefulness of the proposed simultaneous estimation method was evaluated.